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Updated: Mar 9, 2026
Studying Age-dependent Genomic Instability using the S. cerevisiae Chronological Lifespan Model
Published on: September 29, 2011
Age-Associated ALU Element Instability in White Blood Cells Is Linked to Lower Survival in Elderly Adults: A
R Garrett Morgan1,2, Massimo Venturelli1,3,4, Cole Gross1
1Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America.
Background:
ALU element instability could contribute to gene function variance in aging, and may partly explain variation in human lifespan.
Objective:
To assess the role of ALU element instability in human aging and the potential efficacy of ALU element content as a marker of biological aging and survival.
Design:
Preliminary cohort study.
Methods:
We measured two high frequency ALU element subfamilies, ALU-J and ALU-Sx, by a single qPCR assay and compared ALU-J/Sx content in white blood cell (WBCs) and skeletal muscle cell (SMCs) biopsies from twenty-three elderly adults with sixteen healthy sex-balanced young adults; all-cause survival rates of elderly adults predicted by ALU-J/Sx content in both tissues; and cardiovascular disease (CVD)- and cancer-specific survival rates of elderly adults predicted by ALU-J/Sx content in both tissues, as planned subgroup analyses.
Results:
We found greater ALU-J/Sx content variance in WBCs from elderly adults than young adults (P < 0.001) with no difference in SMCs (P = 0.94). Elderly adults with low WBC ALU-J/Sx content had worse four-year all-cause and CVD-associated survival than those with high ALU-J/Sx content (both P = 0.03 and hazard ratios (HR) ≥ 3.40), while WBC ALU-J/Sx content had no influence on cancer-associated survival (P = 0.42 and HR = 0.74). SMC ALU-J/Sx content had no influence on all-cause, CVD- or cancer -associated survival (all P ≥ 0.26; HR ≤ 2.07).
Conclusions:
These initial findings demonstrate that ALU element instability occurs with advanced age in WBCs, but not SMCs, and imparts greater risk of all-cause mortality that is likely driven by an increased risk for CVD and not cancer.
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