Related Experiment Video
Updated: Mar 9, 2026
05:19
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Assessment of Carcinogen-induced Murine Bladder Tumors
Published on: March 29, 2019
11.0K
Parity and bladder cancer risk: a dose-response meta-analysis
Yunjin Bai1, Xiaoming Wang1, Yubo Yang1
1Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guoxue Xiang#37, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.
BMC Cancer
|January 8, 2017
Summary
This meta-analysis found that having children (parity) is associated with a reduced risk of bladder cancer. Each additional live birth further decreases bladder cancer risk in women.
Area of Science:
- Epidemiology
- Oncology
- Public Health
Background:
- Existing studies suggest an inverse relationship between parity and bladder cancer risk.
- A comprehensive quantitative assessment of this association was lacking.
Purpose of the Study:
- To conduct a meta-analysis to quantitatively assess the association between parity and bladder cancer risk.
- To clarify the relationship between the number of live births and bladder cancer incidence.
Main Methods:
- Systematic literature search of PubMed and Embase databases.
- Inclusion and exclusion criteria applied to select eligible studies.
- Meta-analysis using a fixed-effect model to calculate pooled relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).
- Dose-response analysis to evaluate risk per live birth increase.
- Assessment of heterogeneity and publication bias.
Main Results:
- Twelve studies comprising 6,214 cases and 2,693,350 non-cases were included.
- A pooled RR of 0.76 (95% CI: 0.70-0.82) indicated a reduced bladder cancer risk for parous women.
- Results remained consistent after adjusting for BMI, cigarette smoking, and age.
- Dose-response analysis revealed a 5% decreased risk (RR=0.95; 95% CI: 0.92-0.98) for each additional live birth.
- No significant heterogeneity or publication bias was detected.
Conclusions:
- Parity is associated with a decreased risk of bladder cancer.
- The findings support a protective effect of having children against bladder cancer development.
Related Concept Videos
01:12Hazard Ratio
670
The hazard ratio (HR) is a widely used measure in clinical trials to compare the risk of events, such as death or disease recurrence, between two groups over time. It reflects the ratio of hazard rates—the instantaneous risk of the event occurring—between a treatment group and a control group. This measure provides valuable insights into the relative effectiveness of a treatment by assessing how the risk of an event differs between the two groups.
For example, in a clinical trial...
For example, in a clinical trial...
670
01:23Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches
511
Biopharmaceutical studies constitute a vital field aiming to enhance drug delivery methods and refine therapeutic approaches, drawing upon diverse interdisciplinary knowledge. In research methodologies, the choice between controlled and non-controlled studies significantly influences the study's reliability and accuracy.
Non-controlled studies, commonly employed for initial exploration, lack a control group, rendering them susceptible to biases and external influences. In contrast,...
Non-controlled studies, commonly employed for initial exploration, lack a control group, rendering them susceptible to biases and external influences. In contrast,...
511