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Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Lung Cancer - An Unheralded Opportunity?

R Marshall1, A Popple1, T Kordbacheh1

  • 1Institute of Cancer Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK.

Clinical Oncology (Royal College of Radiologists (Great Britain))
|January 9, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Lung cancer immunotherapy shows promise. Combining programmed death-1 (PD-1) inhibitors with radiotherapy may improve durable responses in advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients.

Keywords:
Immune checkpointimmunotherapynon-small cell lung cancerprogrammed death-1radiotherapytumour microenvironment

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Radiotherapy

Background:

  • Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has poor survival rates, especially in advanced stages.
  • Acquired resistance to targeted therapies limits treatment efficacy.
  • Immunotherapy targeting the programmed death-1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) axis offers new hope.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the interaction between lung cancer and the immune system.
  • To summarize evidence for PD-1 axis inhibitors in lung cancer.
  • To explore combining radiotherapy with immunotherapy.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of immune checkpoint inhibition in lung cancer.
  • Analysis of current evidence for anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies.
  • Exploration of combined modality treatments with radiotherapy.

Main Results:

  • PD-1/PD-L1 pathway inhibition represents a significant advance in lung cancer immunotherapy.
  • Radiotherapy demonstrates immunostimulatory properties.
  • Combining radiotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors is under investigation to enhance anti-tumour immunity.

Conclusions:

  • Targeting the PD-1 axis is a promising immunotherapeutic strategy for lung cancer.
  • Combining radiotherapy with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors may augment anti-tumour immune responses and improve patient outcomes.
  • Further research is needed to optimize combination therapies for advanced lung cancer.