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Viewing socio-affective stimuli increases connectivity within an extended default mode network.

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This study reveals how brain networks support empathy. Emotional stimuli enhance connectivity within the extended default mode network (eDMN) and its links to cognitive control networks, crucial for prosocial behavior.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Social Neuroscience

Background:

  • Empathy is vital for prosocial behavior.
  • Prior neuroimaging studies identified key brain regions for empathy.
  • A network perspective offers deeper insights into empathy's neural underpinnings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the neural correlates of empathy using a network approach.
  • Examine how emotional versus neutral stimuli affect brain network connectivity.
  • Identify specific brain networks and hubs involved in empathic processing.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized graph theory and beta-series correlations for network analysis.
  • Employed two independent datasets acquired with a socio-affective stimuli paradigm.
  • Defined network nodes and modular structure in one dataset, tested connectivity in the other.

Main Results:

  • Emotional stimuli significantly increased connectivity across 74 brain nodes compared to neutral stimuli.
  • Most affected nodes were part of an extended default mode network (eDMN).
  • Posterior STG/TPJ acted as provincial hubs within the eDMN, with enhanced connectivity to cognitive control networks (lateral PFC). Posterior cingulate cortex and ventrolateral PFC served as connector hubs.

Conclusions:

  • A network approach effectively dissociates brain regions and identifies key integration hubs for empathy.
  • The extended default mode network (eDMN) and its interaction with cognitive control networks are crucial for processing socio-affective stimuli.
  • Findings highlight the distributed nature of empathy across multiple interacting brain networks.