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Related Concept Videos

Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview01:24

Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview

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Intravenous anesthetics are drugs administered parenterally to induce anesthesia or sedation. Propofol is a widely used agent formulated as a 1% emulsion in soybean oil, glycerol, and egg phosphatide. It induces rapid anesthesia primarily due to its rapid distribution from the bloodstream to target tissues and is metabolized in the liver. However, it can cause significant pain on injection and hypertriglyceridemia. Fospropofol, a water-based prodrug of propofol, lacks these adverse effects.
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Inhalational Anesthetics: Overview01:20

Inhalational Anesthetics: Overview

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Inhalation anesthetics are drugs that induce general anesthesia upon inhalation. They work by increasing the sensitivity of GABAA receptors or inhibiting NMDA receptors, leading to a decrease in central nervous system activity. The depth of anesthesia can be rapidly adjusted by changing the concentration of the inhaled gas. Some common examples of inhalational anesthetics include volatile liquids like isoflurane, desflurane, sevoflurane and gases like xenon and nitrous oxide. Isoflurane, a...
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Local Anesthetics: Common Agents and Their Applications01:23

Local Anesthetics: Common Agents and Their Applications

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Local anesthetics (LAs) are commonly used for various applications in medical and dental procedures. Some of the common agents used are cocaine, lidocaine, and bupivacaine.
Cocaine is an ester of benzoic acid and methylecgogine. It is used to anesthetize and vasoconstrict locally. Currently, it is used primarily for topical applications. It is beneficial for surgeries on the upper respiratory tract, providing anesthesia and shrinking the mucosa. Cocaine in the form of cocaine hydrochloride is...
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Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia01:29

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia

893
Epidural anesthetics are administered in the fat-filled epidural space, the outermost part of the spinal canal. This technique is commonly employed for pain management and anesthesia during lower abdomen and pelvis surgeries or labor and delivery.
Since epidural anesthetics can be infused through an epidural catheter, all types of drugs, including short-acting ones, can be administered. Chloroprocaine and lidocaine are examples of short and long-duration anesthetics, respectively. Bupivacaine...
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General Anesthesia: Overview01:24

General Anesthesia: Overview

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Anesthesia is a medical procedure that uses drugs for CNS suppression to enable painless surgeries and procedures. The selection of anesthetics is influenced by their pharmacokinetic properties, side effects, and patient characteristics. Various types of anesthesia include general, local, regional, spinal, and inhalational.
General anesthesia induces unconsciousness in the whole body, while the others target specific areas or sensations. It is administered to minimize adverse effects, maintain...
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Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia01:11

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia

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Spinal anesthetics are given during lower abdomen and limb surgeries to block sensory and motor neurons. They are administered in the mid to low lumbar regions, primarily acting on the cauda equina's nerve roots. The blockade level depends on the local anesthetic (LA) concentration. Usually, low LA concentrations are sufficient to block sensory fibers, while only high LA concentrations block motor fibers. Other factors like injection volume and speed, the patient's posture, and the drug...
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Updated: Mar 9, 2026

Author Spotlight: A Non-Intubated Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery with Multimodal Analgesia and Sevoflurane Inhalation Anesthesia
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New and developing anesthesia drugs.

Kammy Ks Poon1, Steven Hs Wong1

  • 1a Department of Anaesthesiology , Queen Elizabeth Hospital , Hong Kong , Hong Kong.

Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy
|January 10, 2017
PubMed
Summary

New anesthetic drugs are being developed with improved properties. This review covers promising agents, discussing their pharmacology and clinical significance for better anesthesia practices.

Keywords:
New anesthesia drugbenzodiazepineinduction agentlocal anestheticneuromuscular blocking agentopioidreversal agent

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Area of Science:

  • Anesthesiology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • New anesthetic agents with enhanced pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles are under active development.
  • Significant progress has been made in creating novel drugs for anesthesia.
  • This review focuses on the most promising emerging anesthetic medications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an up-to-date review of new and developing anesthesia drugs.
  • To inform readers about the pharmacology of novel anesthetic agents.
  • To discuss the clinical significance and applications of these emerging drugs.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature review was conducted.
  • Databases searched included Ovid and Medline.
  • Articles published between January 2000 and December 2016 were included, with efforts to exclude duplicate studies.

Main Results:

  • Identified several promising new anesthetic drugs currently under development.
  • Detailed the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of these agents.
  • Highlighted their potential clinical significance in anesthesia.

Conclusions:

  • The field of anesthesia is advancing with the development of new drugs.
  • These novel agents offer potential improvements over existing anesthetic options.
  • Understanding their pharmacology and clinical impact is crucial for future anesthetic practice.