Bandgap tunable Cs_x(CH₃NH₃)_1-xPbI₃ perovskite nanowires by aqueous solution synthesis for optoelectronic devices

To date, all the lead halide based full-inorganic or organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites have been synthesized from organic solvent, such as N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), by a solution method. Herein, water has been utilized as a 'green' solvent to develop an efficient synthetic route to grow various kinds of lead halide perovskite nanowires (NWs). By controlling the proportion of the hybrid cations, Cs_x(CH₃NH₃)_1-xPbI₃ perovskite NWs were successfully synthesized. Every Cs_x(CH₃NH₃)_1-xPbI₃ perovskite NW demonstrated single crystal characteristics with uniform stoichiometric element distribution. Because of the controllable cation composition, the NW bandgaps could be finely tuned from 1.5 to 1.7 eV. Transient photoluminescence spectra showed superior NW quality when compared with those of the conventional DMF-based NWs. Based on the abovementioned high quality single Cs_0.5(CH₃NH₃)_0.5PbI₃ perovskite NW, a reliable single-NW photodetector was fabricated to investigate the optoelectronic application. It demonstrated a responsivity of 23 A/W, exceeding most of the reported values in the perovskite nanowire photoconductive detectors, and the shot-noise normalized detectivity was 2.5 × 10¹¹ Jones comparable to the parameters of the commercial silicon-based nanowires. The green and robust synthesis method, finely tunable NW bandgaps, and superior optoelectronic properties are expected to open a new door for the development of perovskite optoelectronic devices.