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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 9, 2026

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Complex genetic architecture underlies maize tassel domestication.

Guanghui Xu1, Xufeng Wang1, Cheng Huang1

  • 1National Maize Improvement Center, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.

The New Phytologist
|January 10, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Maize tassel evolution is driven by selection on genes controlling its development and flowering time. This study mapped quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for tassel traits, revealing selection signatures in key genes like barren inflorescence2 (bif2).

Keywords:
candidate genegenetic architecturemaizequantitative trait locus (QTL)tassel

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Area of Science:

  • Plant genetics
  • Evolutionary biology
  • Agricultural science

Background:

  • Maize (Zea mays) tassel morphology has significantly changed during domestication.
  • The genetic underpinnings of these tassel changes since domestication remain largely unknown.
  • Previous studies identified some genes involved in maize inflorescence development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the genetic basis of maize tassel morphological evolution.
  • To identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with tassel traits.
  • To understand the role of selection in shaping maize tassel genetics.

Main Methods:

  • High-resolution QTL mapping using 866 maize-teosinte BC2S3 recombinant inbred lines.
  • Genotyping with 19,838 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers.
  • Nucleotide diversity analysis and association analysis for specific genes (e.g., bif2, ZmCCT).

Main Results:

  • Five tassel morphological traits exhibited distinct genetic architectures.
  • QTLs for tassel traits were enriched for known maize inflorescence development genes, many showing evidence of selection (e.g., ra1, bif2, ub2, zfl2, baf1).
  • Strong selection signatures were found in the 5'-regulatory region of the bif2 locus.
  • Flowering time genes co-localized with tassel trait QTLs, with ZmCCT associated with tassel size.
  • A major QTL for tassel length (qTL9-1) was narrowed down to a 513-kb region.

Conclusions:

  • Selection on genes controlling tassel development and flowering time has been a major driver of maize evolution.
  • This study provides insights into the genetic architecture underlying maize tassel evolution.
  • Identified genes and QTLs offer targets for future maize breeding and genetic studies.