Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Switching of BJT01:22

Switching of BJT

925
Switching behavior in Bipolar Junction Transistors (BJTs) is a fundamental aspect utilized in various electronic circuits, particularly for digital logic applications like switches and amplifiers. In a typical switching circuit, a BJT alternates between cut-off and saturation modes, corresponding to the "off" and "on" states, respectively, thus behaving like an ideal switch.
Cut-off Mode ("Off" State): In this state, both the emitter-base and collector-base junctions are...
925
Bipolar Junction Transistor01:22

Bipolar Junction Transistor

1.7K
Bipolar Junction Transistors (BJTs) are essential elements in electronic circuits, playing a crucial role in the functionality of amplifiers, memories, and microprocessors. These transistors can be designed as NPN or PNP based on their doping patterns. They consist of three layers: the emitter, base, and collector. The configuration of these layers and their respective doping levels—with N-type or P-type impurities—define the transistor's type and its operational...
1.7K
Directional Relays01:25

Directional Relays

680
Directional relays, essential for managing unidirectional fault currents, enhance the safety and efficiency of power systems. On power lines equipped with directional relays, faults downstream (to the right) of the current transformer typically cause the fault current to lag the bus voltage by approximately 90 degrees, known as the forward direction. In contrast, upstream (left-side) faults may result in the fault current leading the bus voltage by nearly 90 degrees, termed the reverse...
680
Differential Relays01:20

Differential Relays

854
Differential relays are used to protect generators, buses, and transformers by comparing electrical quantities at different points. When a fault occurs, the difference in current between the two points triggers the relay to operate, opening the circuit breaker. Under normal conditions, the current entering (i1) and leaving (i2) a generator are equal. When a fault occurs, however, these currents become unequal, and the difference current flows in the relay operating coil, causing the relay to...
854
Biasing of FET01:22

Biasing of FET

809
Biasing a Junction Field Effect Transistor (JFET) is crucial for setting operational parameters and ensuring efficient functioning in electronic circuits. JFETs are characterized by using a single carrier type in N-channel or P-channel configurations, where the channel is surrounded by PN junctions. These junctions are central to the device's ability to control current flow.
In an N-channel JFET, the structure consists of N-type material forming the channel on a P-type substrate, with the...
809
Diode: Reverse bias01:14

Diode: Reverse bias

2.3K
A diode is reverse-biased when the positive terminal of an external voltage source is connected to the n-type material and the negative terminal to the p-type material. This configuration opposes the natural direction of current flow through the diode, effectively increasing the width of the depletion region and the barrier potential. The reverse bias condition produces a minimal leakage current, primarily due to minority charge carriers. This leakage becomes significant when the reverse...
2.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Phase and absorbance retrieval in X-ray holographic microscopy under weak illumination using physics-driven neural networks.

Journal of synchrotron radiation·2026
Same author

Geometry-Induced Capillary Rise and Directional Flow in Porous Lattice Structures.

ACS applied materials & interfaces·2026
Same author

Microbubble-Mediated Synthesis of Smart Spindle Microfibers for Fog Harvesting.

Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2026
Same author

Development for soft actuator with multilayer structure and its application.

Scientific reports·2025
Same author

Enhanced microplastic removal using a mini-hydrocyclone with microbubbles.

Water research·2025
Same author

Tiny Fish, Big Hope: Zebrafish Unlocking Secrets to Fight Parkinson's Disease.

Biology·2025
Same journal

Analysis of strength degradation of coal and rock masses and stability of mined areas under long term immersion environment.

PloS one·2026
Same journal

Biogenic Silver-Selenium nanocomposite with anticancer activity and potent efficacy against vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.

PloS one·2026
Same journal

Preparation and physicochemical characterization of a biodegradable chitosan/carboxymethyl cellulose hydrogel synthesized in NaOH/urea medium.

PloS one·2026
Same journal

Action-guilt, survivor-guilt, and depression in combat-related PTSD.

PloS one·2026
Same journal

Explainable machine learning for predicting activities of daily living at discharge in stroke patients: A retrospective study using SHAP interpretability.

PloS one·2026
Same journal

Deep learning based two-way feature depiction model for brain tumor detection.

PloS one·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 9, 2026

Design to Implementation Study for Development and Patient Validation of Paper-Based Toehold Switch Diagnostics
10:42

Design to Implementation Study for Development and Patient Validation of Paper-Based Toehold Switch Diagnostics

Published on: June 17, 2022

3.6K

A Biologically-Inspired Symmetric Bidirectional Switch.

Kahye Song1, Shyr-Shea Chang2, Marcus Roper2,3

  • 1School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk, Korea.

Plos One
|January 10, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a novel temperature-sensitive hydrogel inspired by pine cones. This material can bend in either direction in response to temperature gradients, overcoming limitations of previous stimuli-responsive hydrogels.

More Related Videos

An Ecdysone Receptor-based Singular Gene Switch for Deliberate Expression of Transgene with Robustness, Reversibility, and Negligible Leakiness
06:21

An Ecdysone Receptor-based Singular Gene Switch for Deliberate Expression of Transgene with Robustness, Reversibility, and Negligible Leakiness

Published on: May 7, 2018

7.0K
Author Spotlight: Photo Switchable Protein Recruitment for Reversible Patterning in Artificial Cellular Systems
07:10

Author Spotlight: Photo Switchable Protein Recruitment for Reversible Patterning in Artificial Cellular Systems

Published on: February 23, 2024

1.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 9, 2026

Design to Implementation Study for Development and Patient Validation of Paper-Based Toehold Switch Diagnostics
10:42

Design to Implementation Study for Development and Patient Validation of Paper-Based Toehold Switch Diagnostics

Published on: June 17, 2022

3.6K
An Ecdysone Receptor-based Singular Gene Switch for Deliberate Expression of Transgene with Robustness, Reversibility, and Negligible Leakiness
06:21

An Ecdysone Receptor-based Singular Gene Switch for Deliberate Expression of Transgene with Robustness, Reversibility, and Negligible Leakiness

Published on: May 7, 2018

7.0K
Author Spotlight: Photo Switchable Protein Recruitment for Reversible Patterning in Artificial Cellular Systems
07:10

Author Spotlight: Photo Switchable Protein Recruitment for Reversible Patterning in Artificial Cellular Systems

Published on: February 23, 2024

1.7K

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Science
  • Biomimetics

Background:

  • Stimuli-sensitive hydrogels are crucial for applications like drug delivery and actuators.
  • Existing hydrogels often exhibit unidirectional bending in response to stimuli.
  • Achieving bidirectional bending from a single stimulus, like temperature, remains a challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design a temperature-sensitive hydrogel capable of bidirectional bending.
  • To mimic the structural principles of pine cone scales for controlled actuation.
  • To explore new capabilities of stimuli-responsive materials.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) based hydrogels.
  • Incorporated an intercalated fishing line structure to direct bending.
  • Investigated responses to temperature gradients applied from upper and lower boundaries.

Main Results:

  • The hydrogel demonstrated bending away from a warm surface, regardless of its position (upper or lower).
  • The PNIPAAm layers consistently shrank upon heating.
  • The fishing line structure and material composition enabled controlled, bidirectional bending.

Conclusions:

  • A novel hydrogel capable of stimulus-directed bidirectional bending was successfully designed.
  • The study demonstrates a new approach to creating advanced stimuli-responsive materials.
  • Insights into pine cone scale mechanics inform the design of responsive actuators.