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Related Concept Videos

Translation01:31

Translation

21.1K
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of Life
Proteins are...
21.1K
Translation01:31

Translation

158.7K
Lesson: Translation
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of...
158.7K
Cotranslational Protein Translocation01:20

Cotranslational Protein Translocation

10.7K
Translocation of proteins across membranes is an ancient process that occurs even in bacteria and archaebacteria. In fact, the components of the translocation machinery are still conserved between prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
Sec61 channel partners for cotranslational translocation
During cotranslational translocation, the Sec61 channel partners with the signal recognition particle (SRP), the signal recognition particle receptor (SR), and the ribosomes to transport the nascent polypeptide chain...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 9, 2026

Morphological and Functional Evaluation of Ribbon Synapses at Specific Frequency Regions of the Mouse Cochlea
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Morphological and Functional Evaluation of Ribbon Synapses at Specific Frequency Regions of the Mouse Cochlea

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Translational issues in cochlear synaptopathy.

Ann E Hickox1, Erik Larsen1, Michael G Heinz2

  • 1Decibel Therapeutics, 215 First St, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.

Hearing Research
|January 11, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Cochlear synapse damage from noise, known as synaptopathy, is a growing research focus. New diagnostic tools are needed to bridge the gap between animal models and human treatments for hearing restoration.

Keywords:
Cochlear synaptopathyHidden hearing lossNoise-induced hearing loss

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 9, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Auditory Neuroscience
  • Ototoxicology
  • Translational Medicine

Background:

  • Cochlear synapses are sensitive to noise, leading to hearing loss.
  • Developing therapies to reverse noise-induced synaptopathy is a key research goal.
  • Current clinical methods cannot detect subtle cochlear pathology in humans.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the translational challenges in diagnosing and treating cochlear synaptopathy.
  • To identify key research questions for developing effective therapies.
  • To foster concordance between pre-clinical models and human studies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current research on cochlear synaptopathy.
  • Analysis of diagnostic limitations in clinical audiology.
  • Identification of critical translational gaps.

Main Results:

  • The sensitivity of cochlear synapses to noise is increasingly recognized.
  • A significant gap exists in diagnosing human synaptopathy.
  • Therapeutic development is hindered by the lack of clinical diagnostic tools.

Conclusions:

  • Addressing translational questions is crucial for developing synaptopathy treatments.
  • Improved diagnostics are essential for effective hearing restoration.
  • Concordance between animal models and human studies will accelerate therapeutic progress.