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Internalizing Symptoms, Peer Substance Use, and Substance Use Initiation.

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Early adolescents with more internalizing symptoms may be exposed to more substance-using peers. However, these symptoms do not increase the influence of peers

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Area of Science:

  • Adolescent Psychology
  • Substance Use Research
  • Social Network Analysis

Background:

  • Internalizing symptoms (e.g., anxiety, depression) are common in early adolescence.
  • Adolescent substance use is a significant public health concern.
  • Peer influence is a key factor in adolescent substance use initiation and progression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between internalizing symptoms and peer substance use exposure and influence.
  • To determine if internalizing symptoms predict greater exposure to or influence from substance-using peers.
  • To examine developmental trends in these relationships from sixth to ninth grade.

Main Methods:

  • Longitudinal survey and social network data from sixth to ninth graders.
  • Random effects regression models to assess associations between symptoms and peer substance use.
  • Event history models to analyze peer influence on substance use initiation.

Main Results:

  • Increased internalizing symptoms were associated with a higher proportion of friends using cigarettes, alcohol, and marijuana.
  • The association between friends' smoking and adolescent smoking initiation decreased as internalizing symptoms increased.
  • Internalizing symptoms did not moderate the influence of friends' alcohol or marijuana use on adolescent use.

Conclusions:

  • Findings partially support the exposure hypothesis: internalizing symptoms may lead to increased contact with substance-using peers.
  • Findings challenge the influence hypothesis: internalizing symptoms do not necessarily amplify peer influence on substance use.
  • Adolescent internalizing symptoms have a complex interplay with peer substance use dynamics.