Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Entropy Change in Reversible Processes01:10

Entropy Change in Reversible Processes

3.3K
In the Carnot engine, which achieves the maximum efficiency between two reservoirs of fixed temperatures, the total change in entropy is zero. The observation can be generalized by considering any reversible cyclic process consisting of many Carnot cycles. Thus, it can be stated that the total entropy change of any ideal reversible cycle is zero.
The statement can be further generalized to prove that entropy is a state function. Take a cyclic process between any two points on a p-V diagram.
3.3K
Stability of Equilibrium Configuration01:23

Stability of Equilibrium Configuration

857
Understanding the stability of equilibrium configurations is a fundamental part of mechanical engineering. In any system, there are three distinct types of equilibrium: stable, neutral, and unstable.
A stable equilibrium occurs when a system tends to return to its original position when given a small displacement, and the potential energy is at its minimum. An example of a stable equilibrium is when a cantilever beam is fixed at one end and a weight is attached to the other end. If the weight...
857
Cyclic Processes And Isolated Systems01:19

Cyclic Processes And Isolated Systems

3.6K
A thermodynamic system with zero heat exchange and work is an isolated system. For these systems, the internal energy remains constant.
In the case of a non-isolated system, the change in the internal energy is zero only if the process is cyclic. A thermodynamic process is considered cyclic if the system undergoes a series of changes and returns to its initial state. 
Consider a cyclic process that returns to its initial state, undergoing a four-step process. The heat transfer along each...
3.6K
Equilibrium Conditions for a Particle01:23

Equilibrium Conditions for a Particle

2.4K
When an object is in equilibrium, it is either at rest or moving with a constant velocity. There are two types of equilibrium: static and dynamic. Static equilibrium occurs when an object is at rest, while dynamic equilibrium occurs when an object is moving with a constant velocity. In both cases, there must be a balance of forces acting on the object.
To understand the concept of equilibrium, let us first consider the forces acting on an object. When different forces act on an object, they can...
2.4K
First Law: Particles in One-dimensional Equilibrium01:10

First Law: Particles in One-dimensional Equilibrium

8.3K
Newton's first law of motion states that a body at rest remains at rest, or if in motion, remains in motion at constant velocity, unless acted on by a net external force. It also states that there must be a cause for any change in velocity (a change in either magnitude or direction) to occur. This cause is a net external force. For example, consider what happens to an object sliding along a rough horizontal surface. The object quickly grinds to a halt, due to the net force of friction. If...
8.3K
Path Between Thermodynamics States01:21

Path Between Thermodynamics States

4.7K
Consider the two thermodynamic processes involving an ideal gas that are represented by paths AC and ABC in Figure 1:
4.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Combinatorial decision-making driven by multicomponent surface condensates.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same author

A centrin-Sfi1 myoneme fishnet powers ultrafast calcium-triggered contraction in the giant ciliate <i>Spirostomum ambiguum</i>.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same author

Minimizing co-growth as a broad predictor of community robustness.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Simple biological controllers drive the evolution of soft modes.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same author

Unifying theories in high-dimensional biophysics: approaches, challenges and opportunities.

NPJ systems biology and applications·2026
Same author

Light-Induced Ordered Pattern Formation in 2D Copper Halide Perovskites.

Nano letters·2026
Same journal

PCSK5 promotes angiogenesis and cardiac repair after myocardial infarction.

Nature communications·2026
Same journal

PfApiAT2 is a proline transporter essential for the transmission of Plasmodium falciparum by the mosquito vector.

Nature communications·2026
Same journal

Transient distortions of the South Atlantic Anomaly radiation environments driven by electric fields.

Nature communications·2026
Same journal

Structural basis of the regulation by CDK11 kinase of early spliceosome activation and evidence for its proofreading by DHX15 helicase.

Nature communications·2026
Same journal

Structural and mechanistic insights into primer synthesis initiation by DNA primase.

Nature communications·2026
Same journal

Changes in heritability and shared environmentality of educational attainment across twentieth-century Norway.

Nature communications·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 9, 2026

Automation of Mode Locking in a Nonlinear Polarization Rotation Fiber Laser through Output Polarization Measurements
14:18

Automation of Mode Locking in a Nonlinear Polarization Rotation Fiber Laser through Output Polarization Measurements

Published on: February 28, 2016

12.0K

Topologically protected modes in non-equilibrium stochastic systems.

Arvind Murugan1,2, Suriyanarayanan Vaikuntanathan1,3

  • 1James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.

Nature Communications
|January 11, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Non-equilibrium driving enables robust biophysical functions. This study reveals topologically protected boundary states in non-equilibrium systems, offering a framework for understanding biological robustness against disorder.

More Related Videos

An Analog Macroscopic Technique for Studying Molecular Hydrodynamic Processes in Dense Gases and Liquids
11:03

An Analog Macroscopic Technique for Studying Molecular Hydrodynamic Processes in Dense Gases and Liquids

Published on: December 4, 2017

9.1K
Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators
09:23

Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators

Published on: May 30, 2014

15.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 9, 2026

Automation of Mode Locking in a Nonlinear Polarization Rotation Fiber Laser through Output Polarization Measurements
14:18

Automation of Mode Locking in a Nonlinear Polarization Rotation Fiber Laser through Output Polarization Measurements

Published on: February 28, 2016

12.0K
An Analog Macroscopic Technique for Studying Molecular Hydrodynamic Processes in Dense Gases and Liquids
11:03

An Analog Macroscopic Technique for Studying Molecular Hydrodynamic Processes in Dense Gases and Liquids

Published on: December 4, 2017

9.1K
Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators
09:23

Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators

Published on: May 30, 2014

15.1K

Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Statistical Mechanics
  • Non-equilibrium Systems

Background:

  • Non-equilibrium driving is crucial for robust biophysical processes, enabling functions like sensory adaptation and enzyme specificity despite thermal noise.
  • Understanding the link between energy consumption and organization in non-equilibrium statistical mechanics is an ongoing challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the existence and properties of topologically protected boundary modes in non-equilibrium systems.
  • To establish a framework explaining how non-equilibrium driving contributes to robust biological function.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of steady states in systems with non-equilibrium fluxes.
  • Comparison of emergent boundary modes with topological modes in electronic and mechanical systems.

Main Results:

  • Steady states in non-equilibrium systems can exhibit topologically protected boundary modes.
  • These boundary modes are robust and resilient to local perturbations, similar to topological modes in other physical systems.

Conclusions:

  • Non-equilibrium fluxes can generate topologically protected boundary states.
  • This provides a theoretical framework for how biological systems leverage non-equilibrium driving for robust function against disorder.