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Related Concept Videos

Pore Transport and Ion-Pair Transport01:17

Pore Transport and Ion-Pair Transport

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Pore transport and ion-pair formation are critical mechanisms for the absorption and distribution of drugs in the body.
Pore transport, also known as convective transport, is a process where small molecules like urea, water, and sugars rapidly cross cell membranes as though there were channels or pores in the membrane. Although direct microscopic evidence is limited  but the concept of pores or channels is widely accepted based on physiological evidence. Despite the lack of direct...
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Carrier-Mediated Transport01:06

Carrier-Mediated Transport

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Carrier-mediated transport is a pivotal process in drug absorption, particularly for lipid-insoluble drugs, and encompasses facilitated diffusion and active transport. Facilitated diffusion allows drugs to move along their concentration gradient without energy expenditure, while active transport utilizes ATP to drive drug movement against this gradient.
Active transport involves two types of membrane-spanning transporters: uptake and efflux. Uptake transporters are expressed in the small...
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Drug Absorption Mechanism: Passive Membrane Transport01:23

Drug Absorption Mechanism: Passive Membrane Transport

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Passive transport is a method of drug absorption where small, lipid-soluble drugs can move across the cell membrane. This movement happens along the concentration gradient, which is a natural flow from higher to lower concentration areas. The speed at which the drug moves is directly related to its lipid–water partition coefficient. This means that the more a drug dissolves in lipids, the faster it diffuses or spreads throughout the body. It is important to note that most drugs are either...
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Physiological Pharmacokinetic Models: Incorporating Hepatic Transporter-Mediated Clearance01:07

Physiological Pharmacokinetic Models: Incorporating Hepatic Transporter-Mediated Clearance

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Drug transporters are critical in drug absorption, distribution, and excretion processes. They should be included in physiological-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models, which help predict human drug disposition. However, predicting this is challenging during drug development, especially when liver transport is involved. However, with a realistic representation of body transport processes, an accurate model may be possible.
A recent model describes pravastatin's hepatobiliary excretion,...
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Drug Absorption Mechanism: Carrier-Mediated Membrane Transport01:19

Drug Absorption Mechanism: Carrier-Mediated Membrane Transport

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Certain large, lipid-insoluble drug molecules that resemble amino acids, peptides, or glucose, require specialized carrier proteins to facilitate their diffusion across cell membranes. This transport can occur through either facilitated diffusion, which does not require energy input, or active transport, which does require energy input.
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Facilitated Diffusion01:16

Facilitated Diffusion

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The plasma membrane, a critical structure in cellular biology, houses an array of transporters, or carrier proteins, interspersed within its lipid bilayer. These proteins play a crucial role in solute transport through facilitated diffusion, a form of passive diffusion that uses transporters to move the molecules across the membrane.
In this process, substrates such as organic compounds and ions interact with a transporter on one side, triggering conformational changes in proteins that enable...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 9, 2026

Hyperpolarized 13C Metabolic Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Imaging
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Hyperpolarized 13C Metabolic Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Imaging

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Transportable hyperpolarized metabolites.

Xiao Ji1, Aurélien Bornet1, Basile Vuichoud1

  • 1Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland.

Nature Communications
|January 11, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nuclear spin hyperpolarization, a technique for enhancing NMR signals, can now be stored and transported for hours. This breakthrough enables remote metabolic imaging using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR).

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Medical Imaging
  • Physical Chemistry

Background:

  • Nuclear spin hyperpolarization significantly amplifies NMR signals for metabolites.
  • Dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (DDNP) enables in vivo metabolic imaging via MRI.
  • Short hyperpolarized magnetization lifetimes (<1 min) necessitate on-site polarization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To extend the lifetime of hyperpolarized metabolites.
  • To enable storage and transportation of hyperpolarized samples.
  • To facilitate remote MRI and NMR applications.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a novel concept to extend hyperpolarization lifetimes.
  • Demonstration of storage and transport capabilities for hyperpolarized metabolites.
  • Measurement of polarization enhancement after extended periods.

Main Results:

  • Hyperpolarized metabolites demonstrated significantly extended lifetimes.
  • Successful storage and transport of hyperpolarized alanine and glycine for 16 hours.
  • Maintained polarization enhancements of up to three orders of magnitude after transport.

Conclusions:

  • The developed concept overcomes the limitation of short hyperpolarization lifetimes.
  • Hyperpolarized metabolites can be transported to remote sites for MRI/NMR analysis.
  • This advancement broadens the accessibility and application of hyperpolarized metabolic imaging.