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Related Concept Videos

Applications Of NMR In Biology01:25

Applications Of NMR In Biology

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a very valuable analytical technique for researchers. It has been used for more than 50 years as an analytical tool. F. Bloch and E. Purcell formulated NMR in 1946 and won the 1952 Nobel Prize in Physics  for their work. Biological macromolecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and organic molecules including pharmaceutical compounds, can be studied using this versatile tool that exploits the magnetic properties of certain nuclei.
The...
Nuclear Localization Signals and Import01:46

Nuclear Localization Signals and Import

Proteins targeted to the nucleus carry short stretches of amino acid sequences called the nuclear localization signal or NLS. Classical nuclear localization signals are of two types: monopartite and bipartite NLS. Monopartite classical NLS (cNLS) consists of a single cluster of 4-8 amino acids. Bipartite cNLS consists of two clusters of  2-3 amino acids and a 9-12 residue long proline-rich linker bridging the two clusters. Signal clusters are rich in positively charged amino acids such as...
Nuclear Protein Sorting01:34

Nuclear Protein Sorting

Nuclear protein sorting is the selective trafficking of histones, polymerases, gene regulatory proteins into the nucleus and exporting RNAs and ribosomes to the cytosol. It is a tightly controlled process that regulates gene expression within a cell.
Proteins targeted to the nucleus carry nuclear localization signals or NLS recognized by import receptors in the cytosol. Similarly, proteins with nuclear export signals are recognized by export receptors. Import and export receptors are...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Atomic Scale Structural Studies of Macromolecular Assemblies by Solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
14:55

Atomic Scale Structural Studies of Macromolecular Assemblies by Solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Published on: September 17, 2017

Mapping mRNA Localization and Internal Structure in Lipid Nanoparticles through Solid-State Dynamic Nuclear

Adrienn Rancz1,2, Judith Schlagnitweit1, Salah-Eddine Akrial1

  • 1CNRS, ENS Lyon, CRMN (Centre de RMN à Hauts Champs de Lyon UMR 5082), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France.

Small Methods
|June 24, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) deliver RNA vaccines, but their internal structure is unclear. This study used advanced NMR to reveal a core-shell structure, with mRNA at the center and lipids forming layers, guiding better vaccine design.

Keywords:
MAS NMRcore shell arrangementdynamic nuclear polarizationlipid nanoparticlesmRNA vaccines

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Last Updated: Jun 25, 2026

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Neutron Spin Echo Spectroscopy as a Unique Probe for Lipid Membrane Dynamics and Membrane-Protein Interactions
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Neutron Spin Echo Spectroscopy as a Unique Probe for Lipid Membrane Dynamics and Membrane-Protein Interactions

Published on: May 27, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are crucial for RNA vaccine delivery.
  • The internal structure of LNPs, especially with mRNA, is not well understood.
  • Understanding LNP structure is key for optimizing RNA delivery systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the internal structure and component distribution within intact LNPs.
  • To apply relayed dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP)-enhanced solid-state NMR for structural analysis.
  • To provide a quantitative structural framework for designing improved RNA delivery systems.

Main Methods:

  • Relayed dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP)-enhanced solid-state NMR spectroscopy.
  • Optimization of cryoprotectant removal and polarizing matrix composition.
  • Numerical simulations of spin diffusion and polarization transport.

Main Results:

  • Direct observation of encapsulated mRNA within functional LNPs using solid-state NMR.
  • Quantitative analysis revealed a concentric LNP architecture: PEG-lipids at the surface, helper lipids in intermediate layers, and mRNA in the core.
  • A multi-layered core-shell model best explained the NMR data and simulations.

Conclusions:

  • Relayed-DNP MAS NMR is a powerful technique for probing nanoscale organization in LNPs.
  • LNPs exhibit a defined core-shell structure with stratified lipid layers surrounding the mRNA core.
  • This structural understanding can guide the rational design of more effective RNA delivery systems.