Intra- and Interorgan Communication in the Cardiovascular System: A Special View on Redox Regulation
Axel Gödecke1, Judith Haendeler2,3
11 Medical Faculty, Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, University of Duesseldorf , Duesseldorf, Germany .
Insights
Cardiovascular system communication involves local paracrine signals and distant interorgan signaling, particularly from the kidney and skeletal muscle. Understanding these pathways is crucial for cardiovascular health and disease.
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular Physiology
- Cellular Signaling
- Endocrinology
Background:
- Cardiovascular system communication involves paracrine signals (e.g., nitric oxide, vascular endothelial growth factor) and cell-cell contacts.
- Non-cardiac cells like fibroblasts, red blood cells, and immune cells also influence cardiovascular function.
- Interorgan communication, distinct from local signaling, involves remote organs influencing the heart and circulation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To summarize novel mechanisms of intraorgan and interorgan communication in the cardiovascular system.
- To highlight the role of remote organs, specifically skeletal muscle and the kidney, in cardiovascular signaling.
- To explore how organ-specific responses to insults impact remote organ function.
Main Methods:
- Review and synthesis of current literature on cardiovascular communication.
- Focus on paracrine signaling within the cardiovascular system.
- Analysis of interorgan signaling pathways involving the kidney and skeletal muscle.
Main Results:
- Cardiovascular communication occurs through both local paracrine factors and interorgan signaling.
- Remote organs like the kidney and skeletal muscle release mediators that modulate cardiac function.
- Insults to one organ can trigger responses in remote organs, affecting cardiovascular homeostasis.
Conclusions:
- Novel mechanisms in cardiovascular intraorgan and interorgan communication are essential for understanding physiology and pathology.
- Skeletal muscle and kidney play significant roles in modulating cardiovascular function through signaling.
- Further research into these complex communication networks is warranted.
Abstract:
Intraorgan communication in the cardiovascular system is exerted not only by direct cell-cell contacts but also by locally released factors, which modulate neighboring cells by paracrine signals (e.g., NO, vascular endothelial growth factor, adenosine, reactive oxygen species). Moreover, cells in close proximity to the typical cardiovascular cells such as fibroblasts, red blood cells, as well as resident and invading immune cells must be considered in attempts to understand cardiovascular function in physiology and pathology. The second level of communication is the interorgan communication, which may be distinguished from intraorgan communication, since it involves signaling from remote organs to the heart and circulation. Therefore, mediators released by, for example, the kidney or skeletal muscle reach the heart and modulate its function. This is not only the case under physiological conditions, because there is increasing evidence that the organ-specific response to a primary insult may affect also the function of remote organs by the release of factors. This Forum will summarize novel mechanisms involved in intraorgan and interorgan communication of the cardiovascular system, with a special view on the remote organs, skeletal muscle and kidney. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 26, 613-615.
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