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Related Concept Videos

Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis01:21

Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis

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Calcium is not only the most abundant mineral in bone but also the most abundant mineral in the human body. Calcium ions are needed for bone mineralization, tooth health, heart rate regulation and strength of contraction, blood coagulation, the contraction of smooth and skeletal muscle cells, and the regulation of nerve impulse conduction. The average calcium level in the blood is about 10 mg/dL. When the body cannot maintain this level, a person will experience hypo or hypercalcemia.
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Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

Hormones and Bone Tissue

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The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...
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Synthesis and Functions of Calcitonin00:51

Synthesis and Functions of Calcitonin

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Calcitonin, a vital polypeptide hormone, regulates calcium levels within body fluids. It is released by the parafollicular cells, also known as C cells, situated in the follicular epithelium of the thyroid gland. Calcitonin responds to fluctuations in blood calcium levels and the influence of gastrointestinal hormones like gastrin and cholecystokinin.
The exact mechanisms by which calcitonin operates in calcium homeostasis remain elusive, but its significance is evident in several vital...
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Acid-Base Balance01:25

Acid-Base Balance

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The human body maintains a narrow pH range regulated through acid-base balance. This balance is crucial as changes in the hydrogen ion concentration can disrupt cell membrane stability, alter protein structures, and change enzyme activities. The normal pH of arterial blood is 7.4, venous blood and interstitial fluid is 7.35, and intracellular fluid averages 7.0.
When the pH of arterial blood rises above 7.45, it results in a condition called alkalosis. Conversely, a drop below 7.35 leads to...
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Diagnosing Acidosis and Alkalosis01:24

Diagnosing Acidosis and Alkalosis

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Diagnosing acid-base imbalances involves systematically analyzing arterial blood samples, focusing on three key measurements: pH, bicarbonate (HCO3−) concentration, and carbon dioxide partial pressure (PCO2). This analysis follows a four-step process that helps identify the imbalance's underlying cause and nature.
First, the pH level is assessed to determine whether the blood pH is normal (7.35–7.45), low (acidosis), or high (alkalosis).
Next, the PCO2  and...
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The Parathyroid Glands00:59

The Parathyroid Glands

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The two pairs of parathyroid glands embedded within the posterior surface of the thyroid gland are restricted by a dense capsule around them. These glands comprise two distinct cell populations—parathyroid oxyphil and parathyroid principal cells- pivotal in calcium homeostasis.
Oxyphil cells, whose functions remain elusive, emerge during late puberty, adding a layer of complexity to the parathyroid gland's intricacies. In contrast, principal parathyroid cells undertake a vital role by...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 9, 2026

Two Techniques to Create Hypoparathyroid Mice: Parathyroidectomy Using GFP Glands and Diphtheria-Toxin-Mediated Parathyroid Ablation
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Hypercalcaemia and hypocalcaemia: finding the balance.

Jean-Jacques Body1, Daniela Niepel2, Giuseppe Tonini3

  • 1Department of Medicine (K1), CHU Brugmann (Université Libre de Bruxelles), Place Van Gehuchten, 1020, Brussels, Belgium. Jean-jacques.BODY@chu-brugmann.be.

Supportive Care in Cancer : Official Journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer
|January 13, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cancer disrupts calcium balance, causing hypercalcaemia or hypocalcaemia. Effective treatments like bisphosphonates and denosumab exist, but prevention and monitoring are crucial for managing these serious conditions in cancer patients.

Keywords:
BisphosphonatesDenosumabHypercalcaemiaHypercalcaemia of malignancyHypocalcaemia

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A Semi-Automated and Reproducible Biological-Based Method to Quantify Calcium Deposition In Vitro
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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Endocrinology
  • Nephrology

Background:

  • Cancer can disrupt the delicate balance between bone formation and resorption, leading to abnormal calcium levels (hypercalcaemia or hypocalcaemia).
  • Hypercalcaemia of malignancy is often driven by tumor-induced factors that enhance bone resorption, potentially exacerbated by impaired renal function.
  • Hypocalcaemia is frequently observed in prostate cancer with osteoblastic metastases, particularly when patients receive bone resorption inhibitors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the mechanisms of calcium dysregulation in cancer.
  • To discuss current and emerging treatments for hypercalcaemia of malignancy.
  • To highlight the importance of prevention and monitoring strategies for both hypercalcaemia and hypocalcaemia in cancer patients.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on calcium metabolism in cancer.
  • Analysis of treatment efficacy for hypercalcaemia of malignancy.
  • Evaluation of preventative measures for hypocalcaemia.

Main Results:

  • Bisphosphonates are the primary treatment for hypercalcaemia of malignancy; denosumab offers an alternative for refractory cases or renal insufficiency.
  • Calcium and vitamin D supplementation can treat hypocalcaemia, but proactive supplementation is recommended for at-risk patients.
  • Close monitoring and timely intervention are essential for managing both hypercalcaemia and hypocalcaemia to prevent serious complications.

Conclusions:

  • Maintaining normal blood calcium levels is critical for cancer patient well-being.
  • Integrated strategies for prevention and treatment of calcium imbalances are vital in oncology care.
  • Further research into optimal management of cancer-associated calcium dysregulation is warranted.