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Related Concept Videos

Transport Number01:31

Transport Number

45
The transport number is the fraction of the total current carried by an ion in an electrolyte solution. It is defined as the ratio of the current carried by a specific ion to the total current flowing through the solution. The transport number, t, is central to understanding ionic mobility, which describes how fast an ion moves under the influence of an electric field. This link connects the physical behavior of ions in solution to the chemical processes that occur during electrochemical...
45
Ion-Exchange Chromatography01:09

Ion-Exchange Chromatography

2.5K
Ion-exchange chromatography, or IEC, is a technique for separating ions based on their affinity for the stationary phase. The stationary phase is a cross-linked polymer resin with covalently attached ionic functional groups. The functional groups can be either positively charged (cation exchangers) or negatively charged (anion exchangers). A cation exchanger consists of a polymeric anion and active cations, while an anion exchanger is a polymeric cation with active anions. The choice of...
2.5K
Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer02:48

Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer

52.6K
Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions. 
52.6K
Ion Exchange01:17

Ion Exchange

1.4K
Ion exchange chromatography separates charged molecules from a solution by reversibly exchanging them with mobile, or 'active', ions associated with the oppositely charged stationary phase. This method can be used to separate ions, soften and deionize water, and purify solutions. The polymers comprising the ion-exchange column are high-molecular-weight and chemically stable polymers, crosslinked to be porous and essentially insoluble. They are also functionalized with either acidic or...
1.4K
Roles of Electrolytes: Chloride and Bicarbonate01:29

Roles of Electrolytes: Chloride and Bicarbonate

1.2K
Chloride ions contribute to the osmotic pressure gradient distinguishing the intracellular fluid (ICF) from the extracellular fluid (ECF). They counterbalance positively charged ions in the ECF and ensure its electrochemical stability. The renal system's process of chloride absorption and release generally mirrors that of sodium ions.
Conditions such as hypochloremia can arise from insufficient chloride reabsorption by the kidneys, often compounded by extended bouts of diarrhea, vomiting,...
1.2K
Electrolytes: van't Hoff Factor03:08

Electrolytes: van't Hoff Factor

37.4K
Colligative Properties of Electrolytes
The colligative properties of a solution depend only on the number, not on the identity, of solute species dissolved. The concentration terms in the equations for various colligative properties (freezing point depression, boiling point elevation, osmotic pressure) pertain to all solute species present in the solution. Nonelectrolytes dissolve physically without dissociation or any other accompanying process. Each molecule that dissolves yields one...
37.4K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 8, 2026

Dynamic Electrochemical Measurement of Chloride Ions
07:32

Dynamic Electrochemical Measurement of Chloride Ions

Published on: February 5, 2016

12.1K

Chloride on the Move.

Bo Li1, Mark Tester1, Matthew Gilliham2

  • 1King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Trends in Plant Science
|January 14, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Limiting chloride accumulation in plant leaves enhances salt tolerance. Recent research identifies new transport proteins in roots that control chloride movement to shoots, improving crop resilience.

Keywords:
ALMT9CCCGmSALT3NPF2.4SLAH1long-distance transport

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Dynamic Electrochemical Measurement of Chloride Ions
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Merging Ion Concentration Polarization between Juxtaposed Ion Exchange Membranes to Block the Propagation of the Polarization Zone
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Area of Science:

  • Plant Physiology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Agricultural Science

Background:

  • Chloride (Cl-) is essential but toxic at high levels in plants under saline conditions.
  • Limiting leaf chloride accumulation improves crop salt tolerance.
  • Cl- transport from root symplast to xylem is rate-limiting and affects nitrate (NO3-) delivery.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms controlling chloride (Cl-) transport in plants.
  • To identify key transport proteins involved in root-to-shoot chloride movement.
  • To understand how these mechanisms contribute to salt tolerance.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent advances in molecular biology and plant physiology.
  • Identification and characterization of novel transport proteins.
  • Analysis of abscisic acid (ABA) regulation and multigenic control.

Main Results:

  • Newly identified transport proteins directly mediate Cl- transfer into the xylem.
  • Other transport proteins function in root stele 'gatekeeper' cells.
  • These proteins control root-to-shoot Cl- delivery, impacting salt tolerance.

Conclusions:

  • Advances in identifying transport proteins have clarified salt tolerance mechanisms.
  • Targeting these proteins offers strategies to improve crop salt tolerance.
  • Understanding Cl- and NO3- transport interactions is crucial for plant health.