Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Oxidation of Phenols to Quinones

Oxidation of Phenols to Quinones

In the presence of oxidizing agents, phenols are oxidized to quinones. Quinones can be easily reduced back to phenols using mild reducing agents. The electron-donating hydroxyl group enhances the reactivity of the aromatic ring, enabling oxidation of the ring even in the absence of an α hydrogen.
o-hydroxy phenols are oxidized to o-quinones and p-hydroxy phenols to p-quinones. Such redox reactions involve the transfer of two electrons and two protons. The reversible redox property is crucial in...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Toxic Metals in a Green Transition: Global Health Risks, Sources, and Policy Responses-Insights from the Munich Toxic Metals Symposium 2025.

Annals of global health·2026

Same author

Deamidation Promotes AGE-Modifications in Human Lens γS-Crystallin.

Biochemistry·2026

Same author

Blood lead levels in children and soil lead contamination in a former mining area in Germany.

Environmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.)·2026

Same author

DJ-1 in human lenses: Potential role in preventing advanced glycation endproduct formation.

Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society·2025

Same author

DJ-1 Protects Human Retinal Endothelial Cells From Diabetes-Related Conditions and Prevents Ischemic Damage in Mouse Retinal Capillaries.

Investigative ophthalmology & visual science·2025

Same author

Impact of summer heat on male children's physiological responses during football training.

Environmental research·2025

Same journal

Geometrical isomerization of hydroxycinnamic acid under UV-light: Structural plasticity as a driver of metabolite complexity.

Photochemistry and photobiology·2026

Same journal

Photochemistry of CryB from Rhodobacter sphaeroides.

Photochemistry and photobiology·2026

Same journal

Artemisitene formation during UVA-assisted Fenton oxidation of arteannuin B.

Photochemistry and photobiology·2026

Same journal

Surface alteration of Candida albicans after antifungal photodynamic therapy: A Raman spectroscopic study.

Photochemistry and photobiology·2026

Same journal

Phototherapies mediated by metallic nanoparticles and near-infrared radiation in skin cancer: A systematic review.

Photochemistry and photobiology·2026

Same journal

The burning question: Does exposure to low dose and low irradiance ultraviolet radiation lead to cutaneous DNA damage in people with skin types I-III?

Photochemistry and photobiology·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 2, 2026

Scleral Cross-linking Using Riboflavin and Ultraviolet-A Radiation for Prevention of Axial Myopia in a Rabbit Model

Scleral Cross-linking Using Riboflavin and Ultraviolet-A Radiation for Prevention of Axial Myopia in a Rabbit Model

Published on: April 3, 2016

UVA Light-mediated Ascorbate Oxidation in Human Lenses.

Stefan Rakete¹, Ram H Nagaraj^1,2

¹Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO.

Photochemistry and Photobiology

|January 14, 2017

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

UVA light oxidizes ascorbate in human eye lenses, especially in older individuals. Higher glutathione (GSH) levels protect against this oxidation, suggesting a role in preventing age-related vision changes.

More Related Videos

Assessment of Oxidative Damage in the Primary Mouse Ocular Surface Cells/Stem Cells in Response to Ultraviolet-C UV-C Damage

Assessment of Oxidative Damage in the Primary Mouse Ocular Surface Cells/Stem Cells in Response to Ultraviolet-C UV-C Damage

Published on: February 15, 2020

Author Spotlight: Improved Lipofuscin Models and Quantification of Outer Segment Phagocytosis Capacity in Highly Polarized Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cultures

Author Spotlight: Improved Lipofuscin Models and Quantification of Outer Segment Phagocytosis Capacity in Highly Polarized Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cultures

Published on: April 14, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 2, 2026

Scleral Cross-linking Using Riboflavin and Ultraviolet-A Radiation for Prevention of Axial Myopia in a Rabbit Model

Scleral Cross-linking Using Riboflavin and Ultraviolet-A Radiation for Prevention of Axial Myopia in a Rabbit Model

Published on: April 3, 2016

Assessment of Oxidative Damage in the Primary Mouse Ocular Surface Cells/Stem Cells in Response to Ultraviolet-C UV-C Damage

Assessment of Oxidative Damage in the Primary Mouse Ocular Surface Cells/Stem Cells in Response to Ultraviolet-C UV-C Damage

Published on: February 15, 2020

Author Spotlight: Improved Lipofuscin Models and Quantification of Outer Segment Phagocytosis Capacity in Highly Polarized Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cultures

Author Spotlight: Improved Lipofuscin Models and Quantification of Outer Segment Phagocytosis Capacity in Highly Polarized Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cultures

Published on: April 14, 2023

Area of Science:

Ophthalmology
Biochemistry
Photochemistry

Background:

Ascorbate (Vitamin C) is crucial for eye health.
UVA light exposure is a potential environmental stressor for the human lens.
The impact of UVA light on ascorbate oxidation and its relation to aging and glutathione (GSH) are not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate if UVA light promotes ascorbate oxidation in human lenses.
To determine how age and glutathione levels influence UVA-induced ascorbate oxidation.
To explore the implications of ascorbate oxidation on lens health.

Main Methods:

Paired human donor lenses were used, with one exposed to UVA light and the other serving as a dark control.
Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was employed for precise analysis.
Ascorbate and glutathione levels were quantified in relation to UVA exposure, age, and oxidation products.

Main Results:

Older lenses (41-73 years) showed significantly higher UVA-induced ascorbate oxidation (~36%) compared to younger lenses (18-40 years, ~16%).
Higher endogenous glutathione (GSH) levels correlated with reduced susceptibility to UVA-induced ascorbate oxidation, independent of age.
UVA-induced ascorbate oxidation resulted in increased levels of reactive α-dicarbonyl compounds.

Conclusions:

UVA light exposure directly causes ascorbate oxidation in human lenses.
Lens aging exacerbates UVA-induced ascorbate oxidation.
Glutathione plays a protective role against UVA-induced oxidative damage in the lens, suggesting its importance in mitigating age-related cataract formation.