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Computed tomographic measurement of cortical bone geometry.

D R Sumner1, C L Olson, P M Freeman

  • 1Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke's Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612.

Journal of Biomechanics
|January 1, 1989
PubMed
Summary

Automated outlining of bone cross-sections using computed tomography requires separate thresholds for periosteal and endosteal surfaces. This method ensures accurate geometric measurements of cortical bone, minimizing errors in diameter and area calculations.

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Accurate bone geometry measurement is crucial for diagnosing and monitoring bone diseases.
  • Computed tomography (CT) is a common imaging modality for bone assessment.
  • Automated analysis methods can improve efficiency and reproducibility in bone measurements.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate an automated outlining method for analyzing digital bone cross-sections from CT images.
  • To determine the impact of thresholding on the accuracy of cortical bone geometric measurements.
  • To assess the influence of medullary fat content on dimensional measurements.

Main Methods:

  • Digital images of bone cross-sections were obtained using computed tomography.
  • An automated outlining method was employed to analyze the bone images.

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  • Periosteal and endosteal surfaces were defined using separate threshold levels.
  • Simulated variations in medullary fat content were introduced.

    • Main Results:

    • Defining periosteal and endosteal surfaces at separate thresholds yielded unbiased cross-sectional geometric measurements of cortical bone.
    • Using distinct thresholds resulted in measurement errors of 2.6% for periosteal diameters, 7.4% for endosteal diameters, and 7.3% for cortical area.
    • Incorrect thresholding led to cortical thickness measurement errors as high as 30%.
    • Simulated changes in medullary fat content did not impact the measurement of medullary dimensions.

    Conclusions:

    • Separate thresholding for periosteal and endosteal surfaces is essential for accurate automated geometric analysis of cortical bone from CT images.
    • The automated outlining method provides reliable measurements when appropriate thresholds are applied.
    • The method is robust against variations in medullary fat content, ensuring accurate medullary dimension measurements.