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π Molecular Orbitals of the Allyl Cation and Anion01:18

π Molecular Orbitals of the Allyl Cation and Anion

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An allyl group is a three-carbon conjugated system where the sp³-hybridized allylic carbon is bonded to a CH=CH2 group via a single bond. Allyl anions can be obtained by treating propene with a strong base that can deprotonate methyl groups. Allyl cations are formed as intermediates during substitution reactions involving allylic halides. In both cases, the hybridization of the allylic carbon changes from sp3 to sp2, giving rise to a carbon chain with three sp2-hybridized carbons, each with...
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Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
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Isomerism in Complexes
Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula. Structural isomerism of coordination compounds can be divided into two subcategories, the linkage isomers and coordination-sphere isomers.
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Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
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In most main group element compounds, the valence electrons of the isolated atoms combine to form chemical bonds that satisfy the octet rule. For instance, the four valence electrons of carbon overlap with electrons from four hydrogen atoms to form CH4. The one valence electron leaves sodium and adds to the seven valence electrons of chlorine to form the ionic formula unit NaCl (Figure 1a). Transition metals do not normally bond in this fashion. They primarily form coordinate covalent bonds, a...
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Construction and Systematical Symmetric Studies of a Series of Supramolecular Clusters with Binary or Ternary Ammonium Triphenylacetates
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Cooperatively Interlocked [2+1]-Type π-System-Anion Complexes.

Ryohei Yamakado1, Yukina Ashida1, Ryuma Sato2

  • 1Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, 525-8577, Japan.

Chemistry (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|January 15, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed novel boron complexes that cooperatively form [2+1]-type anion complexes. These π-electronic systems exhibit unique anion-binding properties and chiroptical responses, offering insights into noncovalent interactions.

Keywords:
anionscooperative effectsinterlocked complexesion pairingpi interactions

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Area of Science:

  • Supramolecular Chemistry
  • Organic Electronics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • π-electronic systems are crucial in molecular recognition and self-assembly.
  • Noncovalent interactions play a key role in the formation of complex supramolecular structures.
  • Anion sensing and binding are important for chemical and biological applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and synthesize novel π-electronic molecules capable of forming cooperative [2+1]-type anion complexes.
  • To investigate the influence of substituents on the cooperativity and binding properties of these complexes.
  • To explore the chiroptical properties arising from the interlocked anion complexes.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of boron complexes of dipyrrolyldiketones with arylethynyl moieties.
  • Systematic variation of substituents on the terminal aryl groups.
  • Anion-binding studies to determine binding affinities and cooperativity.
  • Theoretical calculations to understand the electronic interactions driving cooperativity.
  • Circular dichroism spectroscopy to analyze chiroptical properties.

Main Results:

  • Successfully synthesized anion-responsive π-electronic molecules forming [2+1]-type complexes.
  • Demonstrated that diverse substituents control the cooperativity of complex formation.
  • Theoretical studies confirmed that arylethynyl moieties induce cooperativity through effective interactions.
  • Anion binding showed nearly equivalent energies for the first and second bindings.
  • Interlocked complexes exhibited racemic states and induced chiroptical properties via ion pairing.

Conclusions:

  • The designed boron complexes effectively form cooperative [2+1]-type anion complexes.
  • The electronic states of halide anions are fundamental to the observed binding behavior.
  • Chiral conformations and chiroptical properties can be induced in these systems.