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Regular physical activity is essential for maintaining cardiovascular health, with aerobic exercises being particularly effective. According to the American Heart Association, 150 minutes of moderate to intense aerobic exercise per week is recommended for a healthy heart. Aerobic activities may include brisk walking, running, bicycling, cross-country skiing, and swimming, ideally performed three to five times per week.
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Conducting Maximal and Submaximal Endurance Exercise Testing to Measure Physiological and Biological Responses to Acute Exercise in Humans
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Exercise capacity, physical activity, and morbidity.

Danielle L Brunjes1, Peter J Kennel1, P Christian Schulze2

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine I Division of Cardiology, Angiology, Pneumology and Intensive Medical Care, University Hospital Jena, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Am Klinikum 1, Jena, 07747, Germany.

Heart Failure Reviews
|January 17, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Aging and heart failure accelerate muscle dysfunction, reducing quality of life. Exercise training offers a promising intervention to improve skeletal muscle function and long-term outcomes in these populations.

Keywords:
CachexiaHeart failureSarcopenia

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology and Exercise Physiology
  • Skeletal Muscle Biology
  • Cardiovascular Disease Research

Background:

  • Muscle weakness and atrophy are hallmarks of aging and prevalent in chronic illnesses like heart failure, cancer, and renal failure.
  • These conditions accelerate muscle dysfunction, leading to reduced physical activity and exercise intolerance.
  • This impacts the quality of life for aging adults and patients with heart failure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the impact of aging on skeletal muscle function.
  • To examine the effects of heart failure on skeletal muscle.
  • To explore how exercise training can mitigate muscle dysfunction and improve outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review synthesizing current research on aging, heart failure, and skeletal muscle.
  • Analysis of studies investigating exercise interventions in aging and heart failure cohorts.
  • Examination of physiological mechanisms underlying muscle dysfunction and exercise adaptation.

Main Results:

  • Aging and heart failure independently and synergistically impair skeletal muscle function.
  • Reduced physical activity exacerbates muscle loss and exercise intolerance in both populations.
  • Exercise training demonstrates potential to reverse or attenuate muscle dysfunction.

Conclusions:

  • Skeletal muscle dysfunction is a critical issue in aging and heart failure.
  • Exercise interventions are crucial for improving muscle health and quality of life.
  • Further research should focus on optimizing exercise prescriptions for these groups.