Urea-formaldehyde monolithic column for hydrophilic in-tube solid-phase microextraction of aminoglycosides

A novel urea-formaldehyde (UF) monolithic column has been developed and exploited as a sorbent for hydrophilic in-tube solid-phase microextraction (in-tube SPME) of aminoglycosides (AGs). Because of the innate hydrophilicity, UF monolith showed high extraction efficiency towards these hydrophilic analytes. The adsorption capacities for target compounds dissolved in water/ACN (1:1, v/v) were in the range of 5.18-7.36μg/cm. Due to the lack of a chromophore, evaporative light scattering detector (ELSD) was selected as the detector for AGs, and coupled with the online in-tube SPME-HPLC system. Several factors of the online system, such as trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) and ACN percentage in the sampling solution, ionic strength in the sample solution, elution volume, sampling and elution flow rate, were optimized with respect to the extraction efficiencies. Under the optimized conditions, the limits of detection (LODs) of streptomycin, tobramycin and neomycin were discovered in the range of 3.0-5.2μg/kg. The recoveries were ranged from 82.1 to 96.7% with relative standard deviations (RSDs) of 2.3-5.1% (n=4) at spiking levels of 50, 200 and 500μg/kg, respectively. The excellent applicability of the UF monolithic column was examined by the determination of streptomycin in practical tilapia samples, which showed the potential advantages for the analysis of polar analytes in complicated samples.