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Related Concept Videos

Pneumothorax-I01:26

Pneumothorax-I

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A pneumothorax is a condition where air builds up in the space between the lung and the chest wall, causing the lung to collapse. This condition arises when air enters the space between the parietal and visceral pleura, disrupting the negative pressure essential for lung inflation. This can lead to a partial or complete collapse of the lung.
Pneumothorax can be even further classified as spontaneous, traumatic, and tension pneumothorax.
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Pneumothorax-II01:27

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Pneumothorax is a medical condition defined by the buildup of air in the pleural space between the lungs and the chest wall. This accumulation of air can lead to partial or complete lung collapse, resulting in a range of clinical manifestations. Understanding the clinical presentation and effective management strategies is crucial for healthcare professionals in providing timely and appropriate care to individuals with pneumothorax.
Clinical Manifestations:
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Pleura of the Lungs01:13

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The lungs are nestled in a cavity, shielded by the pleura. The pleura, a form of serous membrane, wraps around each lung. This membrane arrangement consists of two layers: the visceral and parietal pleurae. The visceral pleura lines the surface of the lungIn contrast, the parietal pleura is the outer layer and contacts to the thoracic wall, the mediastinum, and the diaphragm. The hilum is the point of connection between the visceral and parietal layers. The space between the parietal and...
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Esophageal Perforation-I: Introduction01:22

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Esophageal perforation is a severe medical condition characterized by a breach in the integrity of the esophageal wall. This breach can occur due to various factors such as trauma, medical procedures, or underlying diseases. When the esophageal wall is compromised, it allows food, fluids, and digestive juices into the chest cavity or adjacent structures, leading to potential complications and health risks.
The location of esophageal perforation can vary, occurring anywhere along the esophagus....
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Pneumonia II: Pathophysiology01:29

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The pathophysiology of pneumonia involves the following steps:
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Esophageal Perforation-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management01:28

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Esophageal perforations manifest in various clinical forms, influenced by factors such as the perforation's cause and location (cervical, intrathoracic, or intra-abdominal), the extent of contamination, and potential injury to adjacent mediastinal structures. The timing between the perforation occurrence and treatment initiation also affects the clinical presentation.
Clinical Manifestations:
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Subcostal Specimen Removal in Completely Portal Robotic Lobectomy
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Pneumatosis coli causing pneumoperitoneum.

Jennifer M Nishimura1, Ted Farzaneh2, Alessio Pigazzi3

  • 1Department of Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA, USA.

Journal of Surgical Case Reports
|January 19, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A 54-year-old man with abdominal pain had free air and pneumatosis coli. Surgery revealed ruptured cysts and sigmoid volvulus, suggesting chronic volvulus caused the pneumatosis coli.

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Surgical Gastroenterology
  • Abdominal Imaging

Background:

  • Pneumatosis coli, characterized by gas within the colonic wall, can be associated with various gastrointestinal conditions.
  • Sigmoid volvulus, a twisting of the sigmoid colon, is a known cause of bowel obstruction and ischemia.
  • Intraperitoneal free air typically indicates bowel perforation, necessitating urgent surgical evaluation.

Observation:

  • A 54-year-old gentleman presented with lower abdominal pain, free intraperitoneal air, and cystic pneumatosis coli on CT scan.
  • Conservative management with intravenous antibiotics was initially successful, with symptom improvement.
  • Subsequent elective laparoscopic sigmoid colectomy revealed partial sigmoid volvulus and extensive pneumatosis coli.

Findings:

  • Intraoperative findings confirmed partial sigmoid volvulus and extensive pneumatosis coli of the sigmoid colon.
  • Pneumoperitoneum was attributed to the rupture of intramural cysts within the colonic wall.
  • The likely etiology of the extensive pneumatosis coli was chronic sigmoid volvulus.

Implications:

  • This case highlights a rare presentation of pneumatosis coli secondary to chronic sigmoid volvulus.
  • Ruptured intramural cysts can lead to pneumoperitoneum, mimicking acute perforation.
  • Understanding this association is crucial for accurate diagnosis and appropriate management of complex gastrointestinal presentations.