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Inflammatory Bowel Disease V: Surgical Management01:21

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Enhancing Surgeons' Cognitive Performance in Colorectal Surgery: A Narrative Review.

Alberto Patriti1, Paola Antonella Greco1, Alessio Pigazzi2

  • 1Department of Surgery, Division of General and Oncologic Surgery, AST Pesaro-Urbino, Ospedale San Salvatore, Pesaro, Italy.

Journal of Laparoendoscopic & Advanced Surgical Techniques. Part A
|February 9, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Improving colorectal surgery outcomes requires structured decision-making, not just technical skill. Artificial intelligence (AI)-enabled cognitive support can enhance consistency and reproducibility in surgical care.

Keywords:
artificial intelligencecognitive augmentationcolorectal surgerydecision-makingnarrative reviewrobotic surgerysurgical strategy

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Area of Science:

  • Surgical Cognition and Artificial Intelligence
  • Digital Health in Surgery

Background:

  • Colorectal surgery outcomes vary despite advanced techniques, often due to unstructured, experience-based decision-making.
  • This variability is linked to cognitive processes rather than solely technical skill.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the cognitive factors influencing surgical strategy in colorectal surgery.
  • To evaluate how artificial intelligence (AI)-enabled decision support can improve consistency, reproducibility, and equity in colorectal care.

Main Methods:

  • A hybrid narrative review synthesizing literature on surgical cognition, naturalistic decision-making, and augmented intelligence.
  • Integration of perspectives from behavioral science, digital health, and colorectal surgery.
  • AI-assisted dialogue (ChatGPT-4o) used for hypothesis generation and linguistic refinement, with human oversight for accuracy.

Main Results:

  • Experience-based decision-making is prone to bias and variability in complex cases.
  • Cognitive augmentation tools show potential for improving decision reliability but face challenges in implementation (data issues, standardization, adoption).
  • Robotic surgery enhances technical execution but requires integration with cognitive tools for strategic reasoning.

Conclusions:

  • Achieving strategic consistency in colorectal surgery necessitates a move towards cognitively structured decision-making.
  • Intelligent, context-aware support systems augmenting surgeon judgment are crucial for reproducible, high-quality surgical care.