Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Subviral Agents01:29

Subviral Agents

703
Subviral agents are infectious entities that resemble viruses but lack one or more viral components, such as a capsid or essential replication machinery. These agents include viroids, prions, and satellites, each possessing distinct structural and functional characteristics that influence their mode of infection and replication.Viroids are the simplest subviral agents, consisting of circular, single-stranded RNA molecules without a protein coat. They exclusively infect plants, relying entirely...
703
Replication in Prokaryotes02:35

Replication in Prokaryotes

100.5K
Overview
100.5K
Replication in Prokaryotes01:32

Replication in Prokaryotes

28.7K
DNA replication has three main steps: initiation, elongation, and termination. Replication in prokaryotes begins when initiator proteins bind to the single origin of replication (ori) on the cell's circular chromosome. Replication then proceeds around the entire circle of the chromosome in each direction from the two replication forks, resulting in two DNA molecules.
Many Proteins Work Together to Replicate the Chromosome
Replication is coordinated and carried out by a host of specialized...
28.7K
Retrovirus Life Cycles01:10

Retrovirus Life Cycles

50.1K
Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the...
50.1K
Replication in Eukaryotes02:31

Replication in Eukaryotes

206.6K
Overview
206.6K
Replication in Eukaryotes01:29

Replication in Eukaryotes

18.4K
In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication is highly conserved and tightly regulated. Multiple linear chromosomes must be duplicated with high fidelity before cell division, so there are many proteins that fulfill specialized roles in the replication process. Replication occurs in three phases: initiation, elongation, and termination, and ends with two complete sets of chromosomes in the nucleus.
Many Proteins Orchestrate Replication at the Origin
Eukaryotic replication follows many of the same...
18.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Adsorption of Zwitterionic and Capped Amino Acids to Graphene: A Molecular Dynamics Study.

ACS omega·2026
Same author

Leveraging the dominant-negative effect of the kuru-protective G127V prion protein variant as a novel therapeutic strategy.

Neurobiology of disease·2026
Same author

Distinct prion conformers from brain and peripheral tissues of gene-targeted mice produce convergent CWD strain properties.

PLoS pathogens·2026
Same author

Exploring PrP<sup>C</sup> unfolding as a critical step preceding its refolding in the context of PrP<sup>Sc</sup> propagation.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same author

Emerging risks at the vampire bat-prion interface: implications for wildlife, livestock, and public health.

Journal of mammalogy·2026
Same author

Leveraging the dominant-negative effect of the kuru-protective G127V prion protein variant as a novel therapeutic strategy.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same journal

Chemotactic self-organization captures the dynamics of mammalian hair follicle patterning.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same journal

Tomographic imaging of superconducting order using particle-hole interference.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same journal

Inhibitory potential of autologous neutralizing antibodies sets quantitative limits on the rebound-competent HIV-1 reservoir.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same journal

Inferring epidemiological parameters under an infectious phylogeography model with visitor dynamics.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same journal

Analytical modeling for suction cup designs for skin-interfaced wearable devices.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same journal

Improving cell-free metabolism through direct integration of artificial respiratory chains.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 8, 2026

Protein Misfolding Cyclic Amplification of Prions
10:12

Protein Misfolding Cyclic Amplification of Prions

Published on: November 7, 2012

20.2K

Prion replication without host adaptation during interspecies transmissions.

Jifeng Bian1,2, Vadim Khaychuk1,2, Rachel C Angers3

  • 1Prion Research Center (PRC), Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80525.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|January 19, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nonadaptive prion amplification (NAPA) offers an alternative to prion adaptation, bypassing the need for host protein (PrPC) optimization during interspecies transmission. This process preserves original prion strain properties.

Keywords:
adaptationconformational selectionprion strainsspecies barrierstransgenic mice

More Related Videos

High-throughput Screening for Protein-based Inheritance in S. cerevisiae
08:12

High-throughput Screening for Protein-based Inheritance in S. cerevisiae

Published on: August 8, 2017

6.8K
Assessing Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Species Barriers with an In Vitro Prion Protein Conversion Assay
11:41

Assessing Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Species Barriers with an In Vitro Prion Protein Conversion Assay

Published on: March 10, 2015

8.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 8, 2026

Protein Misfolding Cyclic Amplification of Prions
10:12

Protein Misfolding Cyclic Amplification of Prions

Published on: November 7, 2012

20.2K
High-throughput Screening for Protein-based Inheritance in S. cerevisiae
08:12

High-throughput Screening for Protein-based Inheritance in S. cerevisiae

Published on: August 8, 2017

6.8K
Assessing Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Species Barriers with an In Vitro Prion Protein Conversion Assay
11:41

Assessing Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Species Barriers with an In Vitro Prion Protein Conversion Assay

Published on: March 10, 2015

8.3K

Area of Science:

  • Prion biology
  • Neurodegenerative diseases
  • Protein misfolding

Background:

  • Interspecies prion transmission is typically limited by adaptation, where host PrPC selects optimal prion conformations.
  • The mechanisms governing prion adaptation and transmission barriers remain incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate an alternative prion replication process, nonadaptive prion amplification (NAPA), that bypasses conventional adaptation.
  • To model prion susceptibility in horses and deer using transgenic mice expressing homologous PrPC.

Main Methods:

  • Generated transgenic mice expressing equine (TgEq) and deer (TgD) PrPC.
  • Inoculated TgEq and TgD mice with prions from different species.
  • Utilized protein misfolding cyclic amplification (PMCA) to generate prions in vitro.
  • Analyzed prion neuropathology, deposition, and denaturation profiles.

Main Results:

  • Horse prions failed to efficiently infect TgEq mice, indicating a transmission barrier.
  • Prions generated via NAPA in TgEq and TgD mice retained tropism for the species of origin.
  • NAPA prions and original prions exhibited similar neuropathology and denaturation resistance, preserving strain properties.

Conclusions:

  • NAPA represents a distinct prion replication pathway that does not require host adaptation.
  • This process explains puzzling prion transmission patterns and suggests superficial adaptation in certain cases.
  • Findings offer insights into interspecies prion transmission mechanisms and prion disease epidemiology.