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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 8, 2026

Isolation and Differentiation of Stromal Vascular Cells to Beige/Brite Cells
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Brown Adipogenic Reprogramming Induced by a Small Molecule.

Baoming Nie1, Tao Nie2, Xiaoyan Hui3

  • 1Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.

Cell Reports
|January 19, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Retinoid X receptor (RXR) agonists, like bexarotene, can reprogram muscle cells into brown fat-like cells. This discovery offers a potential therapeutic strategy for obesity by enhancing energy expenditure through brown adipose tissue activation.

Keywords:
C2C12RXRadipogenesisbexarotenebrown adipocyte

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Area of Science:

  • Metabolic disease research
  • Obesity therapeutics
  • Adipose tissue biology

Background:

  • Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a therapeutic target for obesity and metabolic disorders.
  • Enhancing BAT mass or function can increase energy expenditure.
  • Current strategies focus on activating or increasing brown fat.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify compounds that can reprogram myoblasts into brown adipocytes.
  • To investigate the role of retinoid X receptors (RXRs) in brown and beige fat development.
  • To explore the therapeutic potential of RXR agonists for metabolic diseases.

Main Methods:

  • High-throughput phenotypic screening of myoblasts for brown adipocyte reprogramming.
  • Treatment of mice with bexarotene (RXR agonist).
  • Analysis of BAT mass, function, and gene expression in treated mice and cells.

Main Results:

  • Bexarotene efficiently converted myoblasts into brown adipocyte-like cells.
  • Bexarotene treatment increased BAT mass and function in mice.
  • Bexarotene induced "browning" pathways and showed modest effects on white adipose tissue.
  • RXRs were identified as key regulators of brown and beige fat development, distinct from PPARγ.

Conclusions:

  • Selective RXR activation is a promising therapeutic strategy for manipulating brown/beige fat function.
  • RXR agonists represent a novel approach to combat obesity and metabolic dysfunction.
  • Targeting RXRs offers a new avenue for enhancing energy expenditure in vivo.