Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Social Facilitation01:04

Social Facilitation

36.7K
Not all intergroup interactions lead to negative outcomes. Sometimes, being in a group situation can improve performance. Social facilitation occurs when an individual performs better when an audience is watching than when the individual performs the behavior alone. This typically occurs when people are performing a task for which they are skilled.
36.7K
Capillary Exchange01:28

Capillary Exchange

12.0K
The cardiovascular system's chief role is to disseminate gases, nutrients, waste, and other substances to the body's cells. Small molecules like gases, lipids, and lipid-soluble substances directly diffuse through capillary wall endothelial cell membranes. Glucose, amino acids, and ions, including sodium, potassium, calcium, and chloride, use transporters for facilitated diffusion via membrane-specific channels. Glucose, ions, and bigger molecules may also pass through intercellular...
12.0K
Social Exchange Theory01:26

Social Exchange Theory

628
As formulated by John Thibaut and Harold Kelley, Social Exchange Theory explains human relationships as economic-like exchanges that maximize rewards and minimize costs. This theory suggests that individuals engage in relationships to gain benefits and reduce burdens, similar to economic transactions. It has been widely applied to various types of relationships, including romantic, professional, and social interactions.Rewards and Costs in RelationshipsRelationship rewards include emotional...
628
Social Exchange Theory02:06

Social Exchange Theory

40.9K
We have discussed why we form relationships, what attracts us to others, and different types of love. But what determines whether we are satisfied with and stay in a relationship? One theory that provides an explanation is social exchange theory. According to social exchange theory, we act as naïve economists in keeping a tally of the ratio of costs and benefits of forming and maintaining a relationship with others (Rusbult & Van Lange, 2003).
40.9K
Competition02:34

Competition

25.2K
When organisms require the same limited resources within an environment, they may have to compete for them. Competition is a net-negative interaction. Even if two competing individuals or populations do not interact directly, the overall fitness of both competitors is lowered as a result of not having full access to the limited resource.
25.2K
Energy Diagrams - II01:10

Energy Diagrams - II

14.1K
Energy diagrams are important to understand the dynamics of a system. The topology of an energy diagram helps illustrate the equilibrium points of the system.
The point in the energy diagram at which the system’s potential energy is the lowest is known as the local minima. The system tends to stay in this position indefinitely unless acted upon by a net force. The slope of the potential energy diagram at the local minima is zero, indicating that zero net force is acting on the system. The...
14.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Agreement and Reliability of Running Stride-Time Variability Analyses from Wearable Devices.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

Inclusion and exclusion in gaming communities: a systematic review and future directions to increase inclusivity.

Frontiers in psychology·2026
Same author

Correction: Buyers, maybe moving second is not that bad after all: low-power, anxiety, and making inferior first offers.

Frontiers in psychology·2025
Same author

Gait temporal parameters estimation in toddlers using inertial measurement units: A comparison of 15 algorithms.

Gait & posture·2025
Same author

Validation and Analysis of Recreational Runners' Kinematics Obtained from a Sacral IMU.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2025
Same author

Reliability of running gait variability measures calculated from inertial measurement units.

Journal of biomechanics·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 8, 2026

Comparison of Kinetic Characteristics of Footwork during Stroke in Table Tennis: Cross-Step and Chasse Step
07:19

Comparison of Kinetic Characteristics of Footwork during Stroke in Table Tennis: Cross-Step and Chasse Step

Published on: June 16, 2021

3.2K

Relay exchanges in elite short track speed skating.

Andrew Hext1, Ben Heller1, John Kelley1

  • 1a Centre for Sports Engineering Research , Sheffield Hallam University , Sheffield , UK.

European Journal of Sport Science
|January 20, 2017
PubMed
Summary

In short track speed skating relays, the timing of skater exchanges significantly impacts race progression. Optimal exchange timing depends on corner exit speed, suggesting current strategies may not be the fastest.

Keywords:
Analysisperformancetactics

More Related Videos

Using the Race Model Inequality to Quantify Behavioral Multisensory Integration Effects
08:13

Using the Race Model Inequality to Quantify Behavioral Multisensory Integration Effects

Published on: May 10, 2019

6.9K
Tracking Individual Running Metrics in Mice Using a Voluntary Wheel Running Protocol that Minimizes Social Isolation
04:48

Tracking Individual Running Metrics in Mice Using a Voluntary Wheel Running Protocol that Minimizes Social Isolation

Published on: April 18, 2025

1.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 8, 2026

Comparison of Kinetic Characteristics of Footwork during Stroke in Table Tennis: Cross-Step and Chasse Step
07:19

Comparison of Kinetic Characteristics of Footwork during Stroke in Table Tennis: Cross-Step and Chasse Step

Published on: June 16, 2021

3.2K
Using the Race Model Inequality to Quantify Behavioral Multisensory Integration Effects
08:13

Using the Race Model Inequality to Quantify Behavioral Multisensory Integration Effects

Published on: May 10, 2019

6.9K
Tracking Individual Running Metrics in Mice Using a Voluntary Wheel Running Protocol that Minimizes Social Isolation
04:48

Tracking Individual Running Metrics in Mice Using a Voluntary Wheel Running Protocol that Minimizes Social Isolation

Published on: April 18, 2025

1.2K

Area of Science:

  • Sports Science
  • Biomechanics
  • Skating Dynamics

Background:

  • Relay exchanges are a key strategic element in short track speed skating.
  • Skaters and coaches believe exchanges influence race time, but empirical data is limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the impact of relay exchanges on 5000m race progression.
  • To determine the relationship between corner exit speed and relay exchange efficiency.

Main Methods:

  • Collected data from three World Cup short track speed skating relay events (2012-2013 season).
  • Compared time taken to complete the straight section with and without relay exchanges.
  • Analyzed data based on varying corner exit speeds prior to the straight.

Main Results:

  • Relay exchanges were faster at slower corner exit speeds (12.01-13.5 m/s; P < 0.01).
  • Relay exchanges were slower at faster corner exit speeds (14.01-15 m/s; P < 0.001).
  • The influence of the relay exchange is dependent on the preceding corner exit speed.

Conclusions:

  • The standard 1½ lap relay exchange frequency may not be optimal for all race conditions.
  • Varying relay exchange frequency could offer strategic advantages, including time gains and improved overtaking opportunities.