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Related Concept Videos

Vitamins01:30

Vitamins

2.7K
Vitamins, derived from the Latin word for life, are essential organic substances required in small quantities for optimal growth and overall well-being. Unlike other organic nutrients, vitamins don't act as sources of energy or building materials but rather facilitate these nutrients' utilization by the body. Vitamins are predominantly coenzymes, assisting enzymes in specific chemical actions, like the oxidation of glucose for energy involving B vitamins. Most vitamins are not produced...
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Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health01:25

Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health

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The growth and maintenance of bone are regulated by a combination of nutritional factors, including vitamins, such as vitamin A, B12, C, D, and K.
Vitamin A
Vitamin A is involved in the process of bone remodeling. Retinoic acid, the active metabolite of Vitamin A, has nuclear receptors in osteoblasts and osteoclasts, which are involved in bone remodeling.
Vitamin B12
Vitamin B12 acts as a cofactor during the formation of osteoblast-related proteins, such as osteocalcin. Vitamin B12 plays a role...
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Drug Toxicity: Risk factors01:24

Drug Toxicity: Risk factors

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Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) are potential complications that arise during pharmacotherapy, influenced by multiple risk factors. Age plays a significant role; both neonates and the elderly are at heightened risk due to their respective immature and diminished metabolic and elimination processes. Gender also impacts ADRs, with females experiencing a 1.5 to 1.7-fold greater risk than males, which may be linked to pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and hormonal differences. Notably, neonates, the...
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Drug Toxicity: Overview01:00

Drug Toxicity: Overview

106
Drug toxicity quantifies the harm a compound causes to an organism, varying by dose and potentially impacting whole systems or specific organs like the liver. Toxic reactions may arise from venomous insect or spider bites, with effects ranging from mild symptoms to severe outcomes such as brain damage or death. Common forms of acute poisoning include ethanol intoxication and overdose of pain or fever medications, with substances like GHB and heroin being particularly lethal at doses close to...
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Minerals01:26

Minerals

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Minerals are essential nutrients that the human body needs in small amounts to work properly. They play a vital role in many bodily functions, such as building strong bones and transmitting nerve impulses. Some minerals are needed for hormone production or to maintain a normal heartbeat. Major minerals include calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, sodium, chlorine, and magnesium, while trace minerals include iron, manganese, copper, iodine, zinc, cobalt, fluoride, and selenium.
 
Major...
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Teratogenicity01:07

Teratogenicity

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The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 8, 2026

A Rapid and Specific Microplate Assay for the Determination of Intra- and Extracellular Ascorbate in Cultured Cells
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A Rapid and Specific Microplate Assay for the Determination of Intra- and Extracellular Ascorbate in Cultured Cells

Published on: April 11, 2014

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Vitamins, Are They Safe?

Hadi Hamishehkar1, Farhad Ranjdoost2, Parina Asgharian3

  • 1Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.

Advanced Pharmaceutical Bulletin
|January 20, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Daily multivitamin use is rising, but long-term safety is unknown. High-dose supplements of vitamins A, E, D, C, and folic acid may not prevent disease and can be harmful.

Keywords:
Adverse effectsComplementary TherapiesDietary SupplementsDrugsSafetyVitamins

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 8, 2026

A Rapid and Specific Microplate Assay for the Determination of Intra- and Extracellular Ascorbate in Cultured Cells
11:56

A Rapid and Specific Microplate Assay for the Determination of Intra- and Extracellular Ascorbate in Cultured Cells

Published on: April 11, 2014

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Area of Science:

  • Nutritional Science
  • Public Health
  • Clinical Pharmacology

Background:

  • Growing global consumption of daily multivitamins.
  • Public perception of vitamins as universally safe.
  • Lack of understanding regarding long-term health consequences of vitamin supplementation.

Approach:

  • Comprehensive literature review of studies published 1993-2015.
  • Searches conducted across major databases: MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Google Scholar.
  • Emphasis on randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and studies reporting adverse effects.

Key Points:

  • Fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E) and water-soluble vitamins (folic acid, C) can cause adverse events.
  • High-dose supplementation of vitamins A, E, D, C, and folic acid is not consistently effective for disease prevention.
  • Potential for harm exists with certain vitamin supplements, challenging their safety as dietary supplements.

Conclusions:

  • The assumption of vitamin safety is not universally valid.
  • High-dose vitamin supplementation requires careful consideration due to potential adverse health effects.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the long-term impacts of widespread vitamin consumption.