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Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 8, 2026

Basophil Activation Test for Allergy Diagnosis
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Allergy, Histamine and Antihistamines.

Martin K Church1

  • 1Allergie-Centrum-Charité, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, D-10117, Berlin, Germany. mkc@soton.ac.uk.

Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology
|January 20, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Histamine acting on H1-receptors plays a key role in allergic diseases like allergic rhinitis and urticaria. This review discusses histamine

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Allergology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Allergic diseases involve histamine acting on H1-receptors, stemming from ancient parasite rejection mechanisms.
  • Mast cells release histamine, creating an immediate hostile environment and recruiting eosinophils for parasite defense.
  • This histamine-mediated response is evident in allergic rhinitis and urticaria, with evolving understanding of asthma's role.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To detail the role of histamine and H1-receptors in allergic disease pathogenesis.
  • To explore the mechanisms of mast cell degranulation in conditions like urticaria.
  • To review the properties and clinical applications of H1-antihistamines.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on histamine, H1-receptors, and allergic diseases.
Keywords:
AllergyAsthmaH1-antihistaminesParasitology allergic rhinitisUrticaria

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  • Analysis of the immunological pathways involved in allergic responses.
  • Discussion of clinical data regarding H1-antihistamine efficacy.

    • Main Results:

    • Histamine is central to early allergic rhinitis symptoms (itching, mucus) and urticaria.
    • Nasal blockage in allergic rhinitis is linked to eosinophil activity.
    • Urticaria pathogenesis is increasingly understood to have an autoimmune basis.
    • The role of histamine in asthma remains less defined.

    Conclusions:

    • Histamine acting on H1-receptors is a critical mediator in various allergic conditions.
    • Understanding mast cell and eosinophil roles is key to managing allergic diseases.
    • H1-antihistamines are essential therapeutic agents for allergic symptom control.