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Is the Genetic Background of Co-Stimulatory CD28/CTLA-4 Pathway the Risk Factor for Prostate Cancer?

Lidia Karabon1,2, K Tupikowski3,4, A Tomkiewicz5

  • 1Department of Urology and Oncological Urology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556, Wroclaw, Poland. lkarabon@iitd.pan.wroc.pl.

Pathology Oncology Research : POR
|January 20, 2017
PubMed

Insights

Genetic variations in CTLA-4 and CD28 genes may influence prostate cancer risk. Specific CTLA-4 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were associated with increased susceptibility in prostate cancer patients, suggesting a potential low-risk locus.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Genetics
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Impaired immunological surveillance due to aberrant T cell activation can hinder anti-tumor responses.
  • Deregulation of co-stimulatory pathways may be linked to cancer susceptibility.
  • Molecules like CD28 and CTLA-4 are crucial for regulating the adaptive immune response.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between genetic variations in CD28 and CTLA-4 genes and prostate cancer susceptibility.
  • To identify specific single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within these genes that may influence prostate cancer risk.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective study was conducted involving 301 prostate cancer (PCa) patients and 301 controls.
  • Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the CTLA-4 and CD28 genes were genotyped.
  • Genotype and haplotype distributions were analyzed to compare between PCa patients and controls.

Main Results:

  • No significant differences in overall genotype and haplotype distributions were found between the prostate cancer and control groups.
  • An overrepresentation of carriers for the CTLA-4c.49A>G[A] allele and CTLA-4g.319C>T[T] allele was observed in PCa patients compared to controls (p=0.082 and p=0.13, respectively).
  • Carriers of both susceptibility alleles showed a higher risk of prostate cancer (OR 1.78, p=0.03) compared to carriers of protective genotypes.

Conclusions:

  • The CTLA-4c.49A>G and CTLA-4g.319C>T single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) may represent low-risk susceptibility loci for prostate cancer.
  • These findings suggest a potential role for specific genetic variations in CTLA-4 in modulating prostate cancer susceptibility.
Keywords:
CD28CTLA-4Gene polymorphismsProstate cancer

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