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Internal and external attention and the default mode network.

Hannah J Scheibner1, Carsten Bogler2, Tobias Gleich3

  • 1Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany.

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|January 23, 2017
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Focused attention meditation reduces default mode network (DMN) activity during mindful attention compared to mind-wandering. This effect is consistent across internal and external attention tasks, with specific brain regions showing altered activation during refocusing.

Keywords:
AttentionDefault mode networkFunctional MRIMind-wanderingMindfulnessThought-probes

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Focused attention meditation is increasingly integrated into psychotherapy for psychological wellbeing.
  • Neural correlates of meditation are actively researched, but findings on default mode network (DMN) activity remain inconsistent.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the neural correlates of focused attention meditation, differentiating between internal and external attention and phases of mindful attention, mind-wandering, and refocusing.
  • To clarify the relationship between focused attention meditation and default mode network (DMN) activity.

Main Methods:

  • Employed a thought-probe paradigm during fMRI scanning in 20 healthy, meditation-naïve participants.
  • Participants practiced internal (breathing) and external (sound) focused attention meditations.
  • Neural activity was analyzed during mindful attention, mind-wandering, and refocusing phases.

Main Results:

  • Mindful attention was associated with significantly reduced DMN activation (medial prefrontal cortex, posterior cingulate cortex, left temporoparietal junction) compared to mind-wandering.
  • Reduced DMN activity was observed during both internal and external attention, with greater deactivation in the posterior cingulate cortex during internal attention.
  • Refocusing after mind-wandering engaged the left inferior frontal gyrus.

Conclusions:

  • Mindful attention, irrespective of attentional focus (internal vs. external), is linked to decreased DMN activity relative to mind-wandering.
  • These findings support the theory of meditation-induced DMN modulation and highlight the neural basis of attentional control during meditation.