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Related Concept Videos

Masonry in Cold and Hot Weather Conditions01:21

Masonry in Cold and Hot Weather Conditions

361
In cold weather, masonry construction requires specific precautions to ensure mortar does not freeze before curing, as this can significantly weaken its strength and watertightness. Mortar temperature should be maintained between 60°F and 80°F to support proper hydration and curing. Below 40°F, mortar water must be heated, but should not exceed 120°F as high temperatures can reduce mortar's compressive and bond strength.
Other key practices include keeping masonry units...
361
Hot Weather Concreting01:20

Hot Weather Concreting

341
Concreting at elevated temperatures accelerates the hydration process, leading to quicker setting but potentially reducing the long-term strength of the concrete structure. Additionally, low air humidity fosters rapid moisture loss from the concrete, resulting in reduced workability, pronounced plastic shrinkage, and a higher likelihood of crazing.
Mitigating the heat increase in concrete can be economically achieved by shading aggregate stockpiles to prevent heating from solar radiation,...
341
Frost Action on Concrete01:27

Frost Action on Concrete

507
Concrete structures in cold climates, such as those along roadsides, can retain moisture. This moisture makes them susceptible to frost-related damage when temperatures fall below freezing. Adding moisture worsens the damage during temperature fluctuations, leading to repeated freezing and thawing. De-icing salts, spread over these structures to melt ice, add to the freeze-thaw cycle, and draw even more moisture into the concrete.
This freeze-thaw cycle primarily causes surface scaling, where...
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Thermal Stress01:09

Thermal Stress

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If the temperature of an object is changed while it is prevented from expanding or contracting, the object is subjected to stress. The stress is compressive if the object expands in the absence of constraint and tensile if it contracts. This stress resulting from temperature change is known as thermal stress. It can be quite large and can cause damage. To avoid this stress, engineers may design components so they can expand and contract freely. For instance, on highways, gaps are deliberately...
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Cold Weather Concreting01:27

Cold Weather Concreting

412
When freshly poured concrete is exposed to freezing temperatures before it has set, the water within the concrete can freeze. This expansion disrupts the setting process, delays chemical reactions necessary for hardening, and increases the volume of pores within the hardened concrete, which weakens its overall structure. If the concrete manages to reach an appreciable strength before it freezes, the damage can be somewhat mitigated.
To counteract the negative impacts of cold weather, ensuring...
412
Physical Methods for Controlling Microbial Growth: Temperature01:23

Physical Methods for Controlling Microbial Growth: Temperature

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Heat is a widely used method to control microbial growth by targeting and denaturing cellular proteins, thereby killing or inactivating microbes. This method's effectiveness is quantified using parameters such as the thermal death point (TDP), thermal death time (TDT), and decimal reduction time (D value). TDP represents the lowest temperature at which all microorganisms in a liquid suspension are eliminated within 10 minutes, whereas TDT is the time necessary to achieve sterilization at a...
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Updated: Mar 8, 2026

Artificial Thermal Ageing of Polyester Reinforced and Polyvinyl Chloride Coated Technical Fabric
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Thermal Control, Weather, and Aging.

Alexandra Schneider1, Regina Rückerl2,3, Susanne Breitner2

  • 1Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany. alexandra.schneider@helmholtz-muenchen.de.

Current Environmental Health Reports
|January 23, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Climate change impacts elderly health through extreme temperatures. Research is exploring combined effects, long-term impacts, biomarkers, mental health links, and urban planning to reduce health risks.

Keywords:
AgingClimateColdHealthHeatWeather

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Gerontology
  • Climate Science

Background:

  • Climate change is increasing global temperatures and extreme weather events.
  • Non-optimal temperatures are linked to higher illness and death rates, particularly in older adults.
  • Understanding these impacts is crucial for public health strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in weather and health research, focusing on the elderly population.
  • To summarize current knowledge and identify future research directions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing studies on weather, climate, and health.
  • Synthesis of findings related to temperature, morbidity, and mortality in the elderly.
  • Identification of emerging research areas and challenges.

Main Results:

  • Non-optimal thermal conditions significantly increase morbidity and mortality in the elderly.
  • Emerging research areas include synergistic effects of weather and pollution, long-term temperature impacts, biomarkers, mental health, and urban adaptation strategies.

Conclusions:

  • Multidisciplinary approaches are essential to understand and mitigate the health effects of changing thermal conditions.
  • Adaptation strategies, urban planning, and improved warning systems can reduce the health burden of climate change on the elderly.