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Related Concept Videos

The Thyroid Gland01:23

The Thyroid Gland

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The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
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Synthesis and Functions of Calcitonin00:51

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Calcitonin, a vital polypeptide hormone, regulates calcium levels within body fluids. It is released by the parafollicular cells, also known as C cells, situated in the follicular epithelium of the thyroid gland. Calcitonin responds to fluctuations in blood calcium levels and the influence of gastrointestinal hormones like gastrin and cholecystokinin.
The exact mechanisms by which calcitonin operates in calcium homeostasis remain elusive, but its significance is evident in several vital...
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The Parathyroid Glands00:59

The Parathyroid Glands

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The two pairs of parathyroid glands embedded within the posterior surface of the thyroid gland are restricted by a dense capsule around them. These glands comprise two distinct cell populations—parathyroid oxyphil and parathyroid principal cells- pivotal in calcium homeostasis.
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Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

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Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
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Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

Functions of Thyroid Hormones

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The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
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Metastasis02:30

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Metastasis is the spread of cancer cells from the original site to distant locations in the body. Cancer cells can spread via blood vessels (hematogenous) as well as lymph vessels in the body.
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Spontaneous Murine Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer
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Thyroid: Medullary Carcinoma.

Yash R Somnay1, David Schneider1, Haggi Mazeh1

  • 1Section of Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin, K3/704 Clinical Science Center, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53792, USA (YS, DS, HM).

Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology
|January 24, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) is a rare neuroendocrine tumor. This review covers MTC classification, management, and its genetic basis for diagnosis and treatment.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Oncology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) originates from thyroid parafollicular C-cells.
  • MTC represents a rare subset of neuroendocrine tumors.
  • Understanding MTC's characteristics is crucial for patient outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of medullary thyroid cancer.
  • To discuss current classification, pathology, and clinical management strategies.
  • To explore the genetic landscape of MTC and its clinical relevance.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of medullary thyroid cancer.
  • Synthesis of information on MTC classification and pathology.
  • Analysis of genetic findings and therapeutic implications.

Main Results:

  • MTC classification and pathology are detailed.
  • Current clinical management approaches are outlined.
  • The genetic framework of MTC is surveyed.

Conclusions:

  • Genetic insights offer potential for improved MTC diagnostics.
  • Targeted therapies based on MTC genetics are emerging.
  • Further research into MTC's genetic underpinnings is warranted.