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Assessing the Current State of Cognitive Frailty: Measurement Properties.

L Sargent1, R Brown

  • 1L. Sargent, Candidate at Medical University of South Carolina, Faculty of Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Nursing, Richmond, VA, USA, lsargent@vcu.edu.

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|January 24, 2017
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Cognitive frailty, a blend of physical frailty and cognitive impairment, is increasingly important for early detection in older adults. This review examines measures for identifying cognitive frailty, highlighting the link between physical and cognitive decline.

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Neurology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • An estimated 25-30% of individuals aged 85+ have dementia, with global projections reaching 115 million by 2050.
  • Cognitive frailty, a construct combining physical frailty and cognitive impairment, offers a framework for identifying non-neurodegenerative cognitive impairment.
  • Early detection and intervention are crucial to prevent loss of quality of life in aging populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine and appraise optimal measures for detecting cognitive frailty in clinical populations of older adults.
  • To review the measurement properties of the cognitive frailty construct.
  • To understand the relationship between physical frailty and cognitive decline.

Main Methods:

  • An integrative review methodology was employed.
  • Searches were conducted across multiple databases including PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, PsycInfo, and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses.
  • Eleven articles meeting inclusion criteria were reviewed in-depth for the validity and reliability of cognitive frailty measures.

Main Results:

  • Evidence supports a link between physical frailty and cognitive decline, with specific associations found between components of frailty (e.g., slow gait, weak grip) and cognitive domains (e.g., executive function, processing speed).
  • Predictive validity was established for frailty in relation to Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), vascular dementia, and Alzheimer's dementia.
  • Inconsistencies in reporting reliability, validity, and heterogeneity in measurements and operational definitions for cognitive frailty were noted.

Conclusions:

  • The review supports the link between physical frailty and cognition, validating distinct relationships between physical frailty components and cognitive decline.
  • Further research is necessary to establish a clear operational definition for cognitive frailty.
  • Development of psychometrically sound clinical measures is needed to enhance understanding of the physical frailty-cognitive decline relationship.