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Solid-state Graft Copolymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery Applications
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A Rechargeable Li-Air Fuel Cell Battery Based on Garnet Solid Electrolytes.

Jiyang Sun1,2, Ning Zhao3, Yiqiu Li1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China.

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Solid-state lithium-air batteries using garnet electrolytes operate in real air. These novel batteries offer high energy density and rechargeability at medium temperatures for advanced energy storage.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Non-aqueous lithium-air batteries offer high theoretical energy density but suffer from unstable electrolytes, limiting real-air operation.
  • Existing lithium-air battery designs are not suitable for direct use in ambient air due to electrolyte volatility and reactivity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a stable solid-state lithium-air battery capable of operating in real air.
  • To investigate the performance of garnet-based solid electrolytes in lithium-air battery configurations.
  • To explore composite cathodes and electrolyte interfaces for enhanced battery performance.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of solid-state lithium-air batteries utilizing dense garnet (Li$_{6.4}$La$_{3}$Zr$_{1.4}$Ta$_{0.6}$O$_{12}$, LLZTO) ceramic disks as electrolytes.
  • Development of composite cathodes comprising garnet powder, lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI), and active carbon.
  • Evaluation of battery performance using different electrolyte binders, including polyimide (PI:LiTFSI) and polypropylene carbonate (PPC:LiTFSI), at various temperatures and current densities.

Main Results:

  • Batteries operated in real air, with performance dependent on the formation and decomposition of lithium carbonate (Li$_{2}$CO$_{3}$).
  • Rechargeable performance at 200°C was achieved with PI:LiTFSI binder, yielding a specific capacity of 2184 mAh g$^{-1}_{ ext{carbon}}$ at 20 μA cm$^{-2}$.
  • Replacement with PPC:LiTFSI reduced interfacial resistance, leading to a discharge capacity of ~20300 mAh g$^{-1}_{ ext{carbon}}$, cycling 50 times at 80°C with a 1000 mAh g$^{-1}_{ ext{carbon}}$ cutoff.

Conclusions:

  • The use of LLZTO ceramic electrolytes enables practical operation of lithium-air batteries in real air at medium temperatures.
  • This research presents a viable solid-state lithium-air battery design, paving the way for novel lithium-air fuel cell batteries for energy storage applications.