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Creating Virtual-hand and Virtual-face Illusions to Investigate Self-representation
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When Perception Trumps Reality.

Anders Sand1, Mats E Nilsson1

  • 1Gösta Ekman Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Stockholm University.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study reveals that semantic priming effects depend on perceived, not objective, stimulus meaning. Even in supposedly subliminal conditions, perceived congruency drives priming, challenging prior claims of subliminal influence.

Keywords:
consciousnessopen dataopen materialsperceptionsubliminal perception

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Perception Research

Background:

  • Previous research suggests objective meaning of invisible stimuli influences cognition.
  • The role of perceived versus objective meaning in semantic priming remains debated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether semantic priming is driven by the objective or perceived meaning of a priming stimulus.
  • To examine the impact of misperceived stimuli on response times and priming effects.

Main Methods:

  • An experiment with 66 participants tested Stroop priming with correctly and incorrectly identified primes.
  • Analyzed response times based on objective and perceived congruency of prime-target pairs.
  • Investigated priming in trials with no reported prime perception (subliminal conditions).

Main Results:

  • Stroop priming occurred when primes were correctly identified.
  • Reversed Stroop priming was observed when primes were misidentified.
  • Priming effects in supposedly subliminal trials corresponded to perceived, not objective, congruency.

Conclusions:

  • Semantic priming is primarily influenced by the perceived meaning of stimuli, even when perception is weak or erroneous.
  • Results cast doubt on claims of subliminal priming in conditions where weak percepts or mispercepts may occur.