ICNIRP Statement on Diagnostic Devices Using Non-ionizing Radiation: Existing Regulations and Potential Health Risks

Area of Science:

• Medical Physics
• Radiological Protection
• Diagnostic Imaging

Background:

• Non-ionizing radiation (NIR) enables non-invasive diagnostic assessments in healthcare.
• Previous ICNIRP statements focused on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) patient protection, excluding other NIR diagnostic methods.
• A comprehensive review of diagnostic NIR technologies and associated regulations is needed.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review diagnostic NIR devices and their applications in clinical settings.
• To document regulations and policies for patient and healthcare worker protection.
• To assess potential health risks and identify gaps in current protection measures.

Main Methods:

• Classification of diagnostic technologies by NIR type.
• Summarization of relevant legally-binding regulations and responsible organizations.
• Review of epidemiological evidence on health risks from diagnostic NIR exposure.

Main Results:

• Identified a lack of data on fetal risks from first-trimester MRI and long-term risks for MRI-exposed workers.
• Most available evidence pertains to MRI and ultrasound.
• Highlighted the need for exposure limits for optical radiation used internally and more data on ultrasound risks in early pregnancy.

Conclusions:

• Current regulations may not adequately protect patients and workers in high NIR exposure situations.
• Further research is crucial to address data gaps concerning fetal and occupational health risks from diagnostic NIR.
• Development of specific exposure limits and risk assessments for various diagnostic NIR applications is recommended.