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Cytochrome P450 Structure, Function and Clinical Significance: A Review
Palrasu Manikandan1, Siddavaram Nagini2
1Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States.
Current Drug Targets
|January 27, 2017
Summary
Cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes are crucial for drug metabolism and interactions. Understanding CYP substrates, inducers, inhibitors, and genetic variations aids in optimizing drug therapy and dosages.
Area of Science:
- Pharmacology
- Biochemistry
- Genetics
Background:
- Cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes are hemoproteins vital for xenobiotic detoxification, metabolism, and homeostasis.
- CYP enzyme induction or inhibition is a primary cause of drug-drug interactions.
- CYP enzymes are regulated by xenobiotics and endogenous substrates via receptor-dependent pathways, and microRNAs also play a regulatory role.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide a comprehensive review of cytochrome P450 enzymes.
- To cover CYP structure, function, pharmacogenetics, pharmacoepigenetics, and clinical significance.
Main Methods:
- Literature review and compilation of existing research on CYP enzymes.
- Analysis of in silico predictions and validation studies for microRNA regulation of CYPs.
- Examination of genetic polymorphisms and epigenetic modifications in CYP genes.
Main Results:
- CYP enzymes are key players in drug metabolism and can lead to significant drug-drug interactions.
- Genetic and epigenetic factors contribute to variations in drug response and disease susceptibility.
- MicroRNAs have been identified as regulators of CYP enzyme activity.
Conclusions:
- Knowledge of CYP substrates, inducers, and inhibitors is essential for clinical practice.
- Understanding CYP pharmacogenetics and pharmacoepigenetics helps in determining optimal therapeutic strategies and drug doses.
- This review compiles critical information for clinicians managing drug therapy.
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