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Related Concept Videos

Constitutive and Regulated Gene Expression01:27

Constitutive and Regulated Gene Expression

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Gene expression in prokaryotes is governed by constitutive and regulated systems, allowing cells to balance the production of essential proteins with adaptive responses to environmental changes.Constitutive Gene ExpressionConstitutive, or housekeeping, genes are continuously expressed as they encode proteins vital for fundamental cellular processes. These include enzymes for glycolysis, ribosomal components for protein synthesis, and proteins involved in DNA replication. Their constant...
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Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same parent cells. The differences in the cells can be attributed to the differential gene expression. Liver cells, whose functions include detoxification of blood, production of bile to metabolize fats, and synthesis of proteins essential for metabolism, must express a specific set of genes to perform their functions. Gene expression also varies with...
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Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
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The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...
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A gene is the fundamental unit of heredity. Every individual has two copies of each gene, one inherited from each parent. Although most people contain the same genes, there is a small fraction that is slightly different amongst people. A gene with a small difference in its sequence of DNA bases forms different alleles, contributing to different phenotypes.
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Stably Expressed Genes Involved in Basic Cellular Functions.

Kejian Wang1, Vikrant Vijay1, James C Fuscoe1

  • 1Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas, United States of America.

Plos One
|January 27, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Stably expressed genes (SEGs) are crucial for basic cellular functions. Identifying these genes reveals key pathways like protein processing and RNA transport, essential for life.

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Stably expressed genes (SEGs) exhibit minimal expression variation.
  • These genes are hypothesized to be involved in fundamental cellular processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify SEGs across multiple organs, developmental stages, and sexes in rats.
  • To investigate the functional roles and evolutionary conservation of SEGs.

Main Methods:

  • Re-analysis of RNA-Seq data from 320 rat samples.
  • Expression variability analysis across organs, ages, and sexes.
  • Validation in human and mouse models.

Main Results:

  • Identified 278 SEGs with expression variation ≤4-fold.
  • SEGs are significantly enriched in protein catabolism, RNA transport, and spliceosome pathways.
  • Homologous SEGs in humans show lower expression variability and mutation rates.
  • SEG homolog knockout in mice leads to higher preweaning lethality.

Conclusions:

  • SEGs are critical for core cellular functions and biological development.
  • Tight regulation of SEG pathways is essential for cellular integrity.
  • Perturbation of SEGs may lead to adverse effects.