Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Focusing of Light in the Eye01:16

Focusing of Light in the Eye

6.9K
Light rays enter the eye through the cornea, a transparent dome-shaped tissue that is the eye's outermost layer. The cornea bends or refracts, light rays traveling to the pupil. The shape of the cornea determines how much of the light is bent and whether the image will be focused correctly on the retina at the back of the eye. Once the light has passed through both refraction layers, it converges into a single focal point onto a small area. This is where photoreceptors start transforming...
6.9K
Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment01:28

Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment

1.5K
Angle-closure glaucoma, or closed-angle glaucoma, is an eye condition where the iris bulges out and blocks the iridocorneal angle, resulting in a buildup of aqueous humor and increased intraocular pressure. Immediate medical attention is necessary due to the sudden onset of symptoms. The treatment for angle-closure glaucoma includes short-term and long-term approaches. Short-term treatment involves using eye drops like pilocarpine to lower intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor...
1.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Development and Validation of a Tool for Evaluating Self-regulated and Self-directed Aptitudes of Learning (SELF-ReDiAL).

Medical science educator·2026
Same author

Saccadic eye movements in amblyopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Clinical & experimental optometry·2026
Same author

Analysis of the Non-Acoustic Effects of Traffic Noise on Drivers' Physical and Psychological Health.

Noise & health·2025
Same author

Optical correction of hyperopia in school-aged children: a scoping review protocol.

BMJ open·2025
Same author

Performance of ChatGPT on optometry and vision science exam questions.

Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists)·2025
Same author

Near Phoria and Near Point of Convergence Parameters in Children With Hearing and Speech Impairment: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Health science reports·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 8, 2026

Stereoacuity Improvement using Random-Dot Video Games
06:25

Stereoacuity Improvement using Random-Dot Video Games

Published on: January 14, 2020

15.1K

Changes in stimulus and response AC/A ratio with vision therapy in Convergence Insufficiency.

Neeraj Kumar Singh1, Revathy Mani2, Jameel Rizwana Hussaindeen3

  • 1Srimathi Sundari Subramanian Department of Visual Psychophysics, Elite School of Optometry, Chennai, India(1).

Journal of Optometry
|January 28, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Vision therapy significantly improved the Accommodative Convergence to Accommodation (AC/A) ratio in individuals with Convergence Insufficiency (CI). This demonstrates the effectiveness of vision therapy in enhancing vergence and accommodation.

Keywords:
Accommodative convergence to accommodation ratioConvergence InsufficiencyInsuficiencia de ConvergenciaRelación acomodación/convergencia acomodativa (AC/A)Terapia visualVision therapy

More Related Videos

Development of a Gaze-Contingent Display Framework Designed for Perceptual and Oculomotor Research with Simulated Central Vision Loss
07:12

Development of a Gaze-Contingent Display Framework Designed for Perceptual and Oculomotor Research with Simulated Central Vision Loss

Published on: April 11, 2025

1.0K
Quantification of Oculomotor Responses and Accommodation Through Instrumentation and Analysis Toolboxes
08:27

Quantification of Oculomotor Responses and Accommodation Through Instrumentation and Analysis Toolboxes

Published on: March 3, 2023

1.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 8, 2026

Stereoacuity Improvement using Random-Dot Video Games
06:25

Stereoacuity Improvement using Random-Dot Video Games

Published on: January 14, 2020

15.1K
Development of a Gaze-Contingent Display Framework Designed for Perceptual and Oculomotor Research with Simulated Central Vision Loss
07:12

Development of a Gaze-Contingent Display Framework Designed for Perceptual and Oculomotor Research with Simulated Central Vision Loss

Published on: April 11, 2025

1.0K
Quantification of Oculomotor Responses and Accommodation Through Instrumentation and Analysis Toolboxes
08:27

Quantification of Oculomotor Responses and Accommodation Through Instrumentation and Analysis Toolboxes

Published on: March 3, 2023

1.5K

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology and Vision Science
  • Neuroscience
  • Clinical Research

Background:

  • Convergence Insufficiency (CI) is a common binocular vision disorder.
  • The Accommodative Convergence to Accommodation (AC/A) ratio is a key measure of the relationship between accommodation and vergence.
  • Understanding AC/A ratio changes is crucial for effective CI treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of vision therapy (VT) on both stimulus and response Accommodative Convergence to Accommodation (AC/A) ratios in patients with Convergence Insufficiency (CI).
  • To assess the plasticity of AC/A cross-link ratios following a course of VT for CI.

Main Methods:

  • Twenty-five CI participants underwent 10 sessions of vision therapy.
  • Stimulus AC/A ratio was measured using the gradient method.
  • Response AC/A ratio was calculated using the modified Thorington technique, with accommodative responses measured by WAM-5500 autorefractor.
  • Pre- and post-therapy measurements were compared, and results were cross-linked with 30 age-matched controls.

Main Results:

  • The mean stimulus AC/A ratio in CI participants increased from 2.2 to 4.2 PD/D post-VT (p<0.001).
  • The mean response AC/A ratio in CI participants increased from 6.3 to 8.28 PD/D post-VT (p<0.001).
  • These changes were statistically significant and accompanied by improvements in vergence and accommodation parameters.

Conclusions:

  • Vision therapy leads to significant increases in both stimulus and response AC/A ratios in individuals with CI.
  • These findings highlight the adaptability of AC/A cross-link ratios through vision therapy.
  • VT is an effective treatment for improving binocular vision function in CI patients.