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Related Concept Videos

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia01:11

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia

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Spinal anesthetics are given during lower abdomen and limb surgeries to block sensory and motor neurons. They are administered in the mid to low lumbar regions, primarily acting on the cauda equina's nerve roots. The blockade level depends on the local anesthetic (LA) concentration. Usually, low LA concentrations are sufficient to block sensory fibers, while only high LA concentrations block motor fibers. Other factors like injection volume and speed, the patient's posture, and the drug...
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Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia01:29

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia

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Epidural anesthetics are administered in the fat-filled epidural space, the outermost part of the spinal canal. This technique is commonly employed for pain management and anesthesia during lower abdomen and pelvis surgeries or labor and delivery.
Since epidural anesthetics can be infused through an epidural catheter, all types of drugs, including short-acting ones, can be administered. Chloroprocaine and lidocaine are examples of short and long-duration anesthetics, respectively. Bupivacaine...
893

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 8, 2026

Surgical Transplantation of Tumor Cells into the Spinal Cord of Mice
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Primary spinal epidural B-lymphoblastic lymphoma.

Rakul K Nambiar1, Sreejith G Nair1, Pranab K Prabhakaran1

  • 1Department of Medical Oncology, Regional Cancer Centre, Trivandrum, India.

Proceedings (Baylor University. Medical Center)
|January 28, 2017
PubMed
Summary

This case report details a rare instance of primary spinal epidural B-lymphoblastic lymphoma, a condition previously undocumented. The study highlights the diagnostic challenges and successful treatment of this aggressive extranodal lymphoma.

Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Oncology
  • Neurology
  • Pathology

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Background:

  • Extranodal lymphomas represent 20-30% of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, commonly affecting sites like skin, stomach, brain, and small intestine.
  • Spinal epidural lymphoma is rare, comprising 10% of spinal epidural tumors.
  • Primary spinal epidural lymphomas, without other lymphomatous involvement, are exceptionally rare.