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[Pre- and perinatal risk factors in autism spectrum disorder and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder]

Johanna C Schmitz1, Hannah Cholemkery1, Juliane Medda1

  • 11 Klinik für Psychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendalters; Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main.

Zeitschrift Fur Kinder- Und Jugendpsychiatrie Und Psychotherapie
|January 28, 2017
PubMed

Insights

Pre- and perinatal risk factors for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) were examined. ADHD with oppositional defiant/conduct disorder showed higher maternal smoking, migration, and lower parental education rates.

Area of Science:

  • Neurodevelopmental Disorders
  • Pediatric Psychiatry
  • Clinical Genetics

Background:

  • Pre- and perinatal risk factors are implicated in the development of ADHD and ASD.
  • Clinical samples often present with comorbid conditions, necessitating investigation into shared and distinct risk profiles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare pre- and perinatal risk factors across distinct clinical presentations: ADHD, ASD, ADHD & ASD, and ADHD & ODD/CD.
  • To determine if additional risk factors influence the co-occurrence of these neurodevelopmental disorders.

Main Methods:

  • A clinical sample of 341 children (80 ADHD, 122 ASD, 55 ADHD & ASD, 84 ADHD & ODD/CD) was analyzed.
  • Pre- and perinatal risk factors were retrospectively compared between diagnostic groups.

Main Results:

  • Children with ADHD & ODD/CD exhibited higher rates of maternal smoking, migration, and lower parental education compared to ASD or ADHD groups.
  • A higher migration background was noted in the ASD group versus the ADHD group.
  • Miscarriage emerged as a specific risk factor for the combined ADHD & ASD group.

Conclusions:

  • Many commonly cited epidemiological risk factors were infrequent in this clinical cohort.
  • The distribution of most risk factors did not significantly differ between the examined neurodevelopmental disorder groups, with specific exceptions noted for ADHD & ODD/CD and ADHD & ASD.
Abstract

Keywords:
ADHDASDconduct disorderperinatal risk factorsprenatal risk factors

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