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Related Concept Videos

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis01:30

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

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Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin,...
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Allergic Reactions02:06

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Overview
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Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions01:30

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions

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Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial...
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Hypersensitivities01:30

Hypersensitivities

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Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
Types of Hypersensitivities
Hypersensitivity reactions are categorized into four types: Type 1, Type 2, Type 3, and Type 4. Each type has a distinct mechanism...
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Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions01:19

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Type III hypersensitivity reactions occur when antigen–antibody complexes form and activate the complement system. Normally, these complexes help the clearance of antigens by phagocytes and red blood cells. However, when large numbers of immune complexes are present, they can deposit in tissues—particularly in the walls of blood vessels—leading to inflammation and tissue injury. These deposits trigger complement activation and neutrophil recruitment, resulting in serum...
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Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management01:20

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Asthma is a chronic pulmonary condition involving inflammation of the airways, hyper-reactivity, and reversible obstruction of the airways. This condition can significantly impact a person's quality of life, making breathing difficult and leading to distressing symptoms.
Asthma is classified as allergic and non-allergic. Allergens such as dust mites, pollen, and pet dander trigger allergic asthma, while factors like cold air, intense emotions, or exercise can induce non-allergic asthma.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 8, 2026

Basophil Activation Test for Allergy Diagnosis
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Aetiological Spectrum of Urticaria.

Gurinderjit Singh, Y C Minocha, V K Sood

    Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology
    |January 28, 2017
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study identified common causes of urticaria (hives) in 100 patients. Intradermal tests revealed inhalants like pollen and foods as frequent triggers, alongside bacterial infections and environmental factors.

    Area of Science:

    • Allergy and Immunology
    • Dermatology
    • Clinical Investigation

    Background:

    • Urticaria (hives) is a common dermatological condition with diverse potential etiologies.
    • Identifying specific causative agents is crucial for effective patient management and treatment strategies.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate and determine the specific causative agents responsible for urticaria in a cohort of 100 patients.
    • To evaluate the diagnostic utility of detailed history, clinical examination, and specific allergy testing.

    Main Methods:

    • A cohort of 100 patients diagnosed with urticaria underwent comprehensive evaluation.
    • Methods included detailed medical history, physical examination, routine investigations, and intradermal testing with various antigen extracts (inhalants, foods).

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    Main Results:

    • A definitive cause was identified in 94% of patients.
    • Bacterial foci (10%), worm infestations (6%), drugs (6%), and insect bites (3%) were identified as causes.
    • Intradermal testing revealed inhalants (35%) and foods (25%) as significant triggers.
    • Pollen (26%), fungi (9%), house dust (10%), and buffalo dander (10%) were common inhalant allergens.

    Conclusions:

    • A significant majority of urticaria cases have identifiable triggers.
    • Intradermal testing is a valuable diagnostic tool for identifying environmental and food allergens in urticaria patients.
    • A multi-faceted investigative approach is essential for accurate etiological diagnosis of urticaria.