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Precipitation Processes01:12

Precipitation Processes

6.4K
The experimental conditions in a gravimetric analysis should be optimized to maximize the particle size and purity of the obtained precipitate. Ideally, the concentration of the precipitating reagent should be low with effective stirring to maintain low relative supersaturation for the growth of large crystals. In homogeneous precipitation, the precipitant is slowly generated by a chemical reaction in the solution to avoid local reagent excesses. For example, urea decomposes gradually to...
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Recrystallization: Solid–Solution Equilibria01:10

Recrystallization: Solid–Solution Equilibria

4.2K
Recrystallization is a purification technique used to separate impurities from solid compounds. In this technique, no chemical reactions occur. Instead, it exploits physical properties only, specifically, the solubility differences between the desired compound and impurities, either at a single temperature or at different temperatures, and under other selected conditions. The solid-solution equilibrium (solubility equilibrium) of each component in the solution represents a binary phase...
4.2K
Types of Coprecipitation01:10

Types of Coprecipitation

6.8K
Coprecipitation is the contamination of a precipitate by otherwise soluble species and occurs via different processes. In colloidal precipitates, coprecipitation occurs via surface adsorption. For instance, barium sulfate has a primary layer of adsorbed barium ions and a secondary layer of nitrate counterions. This results in contamination of the precipitate by barium nitrate.
Sometimes, ions in a crystal lattice can undergo isomorphous replacement by inclusions of similar charge and size. For...
6.8K
The Colloidal State01:29

The Colloidal State

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The formation of a colloidal system is exemplified by an aqueous solution containing Cl− ions is introduced to another containing Ag+ ions, resulting in the precipitation of solid AgCl as extremely tiny crystals. Instead of settling out as a filterable precipitate, these crystals remain suspended in the liquid, showcasing a colloidal system.A colloidal system involves colloidal particles within the approximate range of 1 to 1000 nm in at least one dimension, dispersed in a medium called...
56
Colloidal precipitates01:09

Colloidal precipitates

6.7K
The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...
6.7K
Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization01:25

Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization

5.5K
Crystallization is a phase transformation process in which crystals are precipitated from a supersaturated solution or formed from other sources. During crystallization, atoms or molecules arrange themselves into a well-defined, rigid crystal lattice to minimize energy.
Initiating crystallization involves manipulating the concentration of the solute and the temperature of the solution. Since crystal growth occurs when the ratio of concentration and solubility of the solute in the solvent...
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Dynamic Pore-scale Reservoir-condition Imaging of Reaction in Carbonates Using Synchrotron Fast Tomography
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Deformation-resembling microstructure created by fluid-mediated dissolution-precipitation reactions.

Liene Spruzeniece1, Sandra Piazolo1, Helen E Maynard-Casely2

  • 1ARC Centre of Excellence for Core to Crust Fluid Systems/GEMOC, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia.

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Summary

Fluid reactions can create microstructures that mimic crystal deformation. This study shows how to distinguish these misleading textures from those caused by actual rock deformation.

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Area of Science:

  • Geology
  • Mineralogy
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Deformation microstructures are key to understanding rock tectono-metamorphic events.
  • Fluid infiltration and dissolution-precipitation reactions often accompany deformation in crustal settings.
  • The microstructural effects of dissolution-precipitation have not been experimentally studied.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally investigate the microstructural consequences of fluid-mediated dissolution-precipitation reactions.
  • To determine if these reactions can produce microstructures that resemble those formed by crystal-plastic deformation.
  • To develop criteria for distinguishing between reaction-induced and deformation-induced microstructures.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental reaction of KBr crystals with a saturated KCl-H2O fluid.
  • Microstructural analysis of reaction products using techniques like electron microscopy (implied).

Main Results:

  • Reaction products inherited crystallographic orientation from parent KBr crystals.
  • New microstructures, including apparent lattice bending and subgrain domains, formed without deformation.
  • These microstructures were separated by low-angle and high-angle boundaries, mimicking deformation features.

Conclusions:

  • Fluid-mediated dissolution-precipitation can generate misleading microstructures in minerals.
  • These reaction-induced microstructures can be mistaken for those formed by crystal-plastic deformation.
  • Distinguishing criteria are proposed to differentiate between these microstructural origins.