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Light-controlled regulation of DNA and RNA using molecular photoswitches offers precise control over biological functions. This review covers strategies, applications in gene regulation and drug delivery, and future challenges for photoregulation.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Growing interest in light-based control of biological processes due to precision and non-invasiveness.
  • Molecular photoswitches have been integrated into oligonucleotides for two decades.
  • The field has advanced from fundamental photochemistry to diverse applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive review of photoswitch inclusion strategies in oligonucleotides.
  • To discuss emerging applications in chemical biology, nanotechnology, and material science.
  • To identify current challenges and future prospects in oligonucleotide photoregulation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of key strategies for incorporating photoswitches into DNA and RNA.
  • Analysis of recent examples and applications.
  • Discussion of challenges and future directions.

Main Results:

  • Key strategies for photoswitch integration are presented with examples.
  • Applications in gene regulation, drug delivery, and materials design are discussed.
  • Current challenges and future opportunities are highlighted.

Conclusions:

  • Oligonucleotide photoregulation is a rapidly advancing field with significant potential.
  • Applications span gene regulation, drug delivery, and materials design.
  • Further research is needed to overcome challenges and unlock future applications.