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A neural network that links brain function, white-matter structure and risky behavior.

Milky Kohno1, Angelica M Morales1, Zoe Guttman2

  • 1Dept. of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.

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White-matter integrity in brain networks is crucial for risky decision-making. This study links structural connectivity to how individuals evaluate risk and reward, impacting behavioral choices.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Decision Science

Background:

  • Adaptive decision-making relies on balancing risk and reward.
  • Previous studies identified key brain regions (prefrontal cortex, insula, striatum) in risky decision-making.
  • The link between structural connectivity and functional activation in these networks was previously unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between white-matter structural connectivity and functional activation during risky decision-making.
  • To determine if white-matter integrity influences the evaluation of risk and reward.
  • To explore how brain network connectivity supports adaptive behavioral adjustments.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) to measure white-matter connectivity.
  • Employed functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART).
  • Analyzed fractional anisotropy (FA) and its correlation with task performance and brain activation patterns in 40 healthy participants.

Main Results:

  • Fractional anisotropy (FA) within a specific network (prefrontal cortex, insula, midbrain to striatum) positively correlated with risky choices and total earnings.
  • FA also correlated with the parametric modulation of activation in network regions relative to risk levels.
  • Mixed-effects modeling revealed how activation modulation relates to risk probabilities, trial outcomes, and task progression.

Conclusions:

  • Provides the first direct evidence linking white-matter integrity to the function of neural networks in risky decision-making.
  • Demonstrates the critical role of white-matter tract integrity in processing signals between cortical and striatal circuits.
  • Highlights the importance of structural connectivity for adaptive decision-making and risk assessment.