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Related Concept Videos

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Dermis
The dermis might be considered the "core" of the integumentary system, as distinct from the epidermis and hypodermis. It contains blood and lymph vessels, nerves, and other structures, such as hair follicles and sweat glands. The dermis is made of two layers of connective tissue that comprise an interconnected mesh of elastin and collagenous fibers, produced by fibroblasts.
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Reticular Dermis01:15

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The papillary and reticular dermis are the two layers of the dermis. They are made of connective tissue with fibers of collagen extending from one to the other, making the border between the two somewhat indistinct. The dermal papillae extending into the epidermis belong to the papillary layer, whereas the dense collagen fiber bundles below belong to the reticular layer.
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The skin is divided into epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis, the skin's outermost, middle, and inner layers. The human epidermal layer regularly undergoes renewal, where old, dead cells are replaced by new cells. Epidermal stem cells or EpiSCs divide and differentiate to restore the lost cells. For the renewal process, some EpiSCs continuously self-renew. In contrast, few others differentiate into transit-amplifying cells, which later form prickle or spinous cells, followed by granular...
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Skin Cancer01:30

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Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
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The first thing a clinician sees is the skin, so the examination of the skin should be part of any thorough physical examination. Most skin disorders are relatively benign, but a few, including melanomas, can be fatal if untreated. A couple of the more noticeable disorders, albinism and vitiligo, affect the appearance of the skin and its accessory organs.
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Juvenile Persistent Acantholytic Dermatosis.

R S Misra, Uma Saxena, Ashok Mukherjee

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    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study reports the first pediatric case of pemphigus vulgaris, a rare autoimmune blistering disease typically seen in older adults. The 8-year-old patient presented with persistent skin eruptions, challenging typical diagnostic criteria.

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    Area of Science:

    • Dermatology
    • Immunodermatology
    • Pediatric Dermatology

    Background:

    • Pemphigus vulgaris is a rare autoimmune blistering disease.
    • Typically affects individuals over 40 years of age.
    • Characterized by autoantibodies against desmogleins, leading to epidermal blistering.

    Observation:

    • An 8-year-old boy experienced recurrent erythematous papulo-vesicular eruptions over 4 years.
    • Skin biopsies showed spongiotic acantholysis and pemphigus vulgaris.
    • Direct and indirect immunofluorescence tests for IgG, IgA, IgM, and C3 were negative.

    Findings:

    • The patient's presentation and negative immunofluorescence results are atypical for pemphigus vulgaris.
    • This case represents the first documented pediatric pemphigus vulgaris diagnosis with these specific clinical and immunopathological features.
    • Highlights the potential for pemphigus vulgaris to manifest in childhood, deviating from established age demographics.

    Implications:

    • Challenges the current understanding of pemphigus vulgaris epidemiology and presentation.
    • Suggests the need for broader diagnostic considerations in pediatric patients with unexplained blistering disorders.
    • May prompt further research into atypical pemphigus vulgaris variants and pediatric autoimmune blistering diseases.