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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 8, 2026

Assessment of Social Interaction Behaviors
06:41

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Social affiliation in same-class and cross-class interactions.

Stéphane Côté1, Michael W Kraus2, Nichelle C Carpenter3

  • 1Joseph L. Rotman School of Management, University of Toronto.

Journal of Experimental Psychology. General
|January 31, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Social affiliation is strongest between people of the same social class at the economic spectrum

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Area of Science:

  • Social Psychology
  • Sociology
  • Economic Psychology

Background:

  • High economic inequality impacts interpersonal relationships across social classes.
  • Understanding social class dynamics is crucial for social cohesion.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test if social affiliation is stronger among same-class partners at the extremes of the social class spectrum.
  • To investigate the interactive effects of social class on affiliation.

Main Methods:

  • Internal meta-analysis of 4 studies (N = 723).
  • Structured laboratory interactions and daily life assessments of affiliative behaviors and emotions.
  • Response surface analyses to examine interactive effects of social class.

Main Results:

  • Social affiliation was interactively, not additively, associated with social class.
  • Paired upper or lower class partners showed greater affiliation than average-class pairs.
  • Parental income and subjective social class were stronger drivers than parental education.

Conclusions:

  • Social affiliation patterns differ within same-class interactions.
  • Social class significantly influences affiliation, particularly at the extremes.
  • An intergroup perspective is vital for studying social class dynamics.