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Related Concept Videos

Power System Three-Phase Short Circuits01:21

Power System Three-Phase Short Circuits

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Determining the subtransient fault current in a power system involves representing transformers by their leakage reactances, transmission lines by their equivalent series reactances, and synchronous machines as constant voltage sources behind their subtransient reactances. In this analysis, certain elements are excluded, such as winding resistances, series resistances, shunt admittances, delta-Y phase shifts, armature resistance, saturation, saliency, non-rotating impedance loads, and small...
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Primary Distribution01:28

Primary Distribution

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Primary distribution systems deliver electrical power from substations to consumers through various voltage classes, with 15-kV class voltages being predominant among U.S. utilities. Older 2.5- and 5-kV classes are being replaced by 15-kV primaries, while higher 25- to 34.5-kV classes are used in high-density urban areas and rural regions with long feeders. Three-phase, four-wire multigrounded systems are widely employed for balanced power delivery, using the neutral wire as a grounding point.
602
Reclosers and Fuses01:26

Reclosers and Fuses

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Automatic circuit reclosers enhance the protection of distribution circuits by interrupting and auto-reclosing an AC circuit according to a preset sequence. They effectively manage temporary faults on overhead distribution lines, often caused by tree limbs or wildlife, by briefly disrupting service to improve overall reliability. However, contact with reclosers or energized broken conductors on the ground can pose serious hazards.
A comprehensive protection scheme for radial distribution...
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Zones of Protection01:16

Zones of Protection

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In power systems, the entire setup is divided into protective zones to isolate faults and protect the rest of the network. These zones include generators, transformers, buses, transmission lines, distribution lines, and motors. Each zone can be visualized as a separate room in a house, with each room protected by its own circuit breaker.
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Secondary Distribution01:25

Secondary Distribution

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Secondary distribution systems provide electrical energy at the utilization voltage levels from distribution transformers to customer meters. Typical secondary voltages in the United States include 120/240 V for residential use, 208Y/120 V for residential and commercial use, and 480Y/277 V for industrial and high-rise commercial use.
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Bus Impedance Matrix01:24

Bus Impedance Matrix

551
Calculating subtransient fault currents for three-phase faults in an N-bus power system involves using the positive-sequence network. When a three-phase short circuit occurs at a specific bus, the analysis uses the superposition method to evaluate two separate circuits.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 8, 2026

Identification and Quantification of Decomposition Mechanisms in Lithium-Ion Batteries; Input to Heat Flow Simulation for Modeling Thermal Runaway
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A Novel Method for Separating and Locating Multiple Partial Discharge Sources in a Substation.

Pengfei Li1, Wenjun Zhou2, Shuai Yang3

  • 1School of Electrical Engineering, Wuhan University, No.299, Bayi Road, Wuhan 430072, China. pengfei9966@126.com.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|January 31, 2017
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a new method for accurately separating and locating multiple partial discharge (PD) sources in substations. The technique significantly improves upon previous methods, especially in noisy environments, achieving a 95% separation rate.

Keywords:
error probabilitymulti-point measuring directionmultiple PD sources separationpartial discharge localizationsubstation

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Area of Science:

  • Electrical Engineering
  • High Voltage Engineering
  • Signal Processing

Background:

  • Partial discharge (PD) detection is crucial for substation maintenance.
  • Previous methods for multi-PD source separation and localization had low success rates, particularly with low signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) and limited to 2D localization.
  • Ultra-high frequency (UHF) signal spectrum differences were previously used but lacked accuracy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel method for improving the separation rate and localization accuracy of multiple PD sources.
  • To achieve precise 3D localization of PD sources in substations.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a directional measuring platform with two directional antennas to capture UHF signals.
  • Calculated time delays (TD) of signals received by the antennas.
  • Obtained TD sequences by rotating the platform and analyzed TD distribution features for source separation and direction calculation.
  • Employed the error probability method for 3D localization based on calculated directions.

Main Results:

  • Achieved a separation rate of 95% in simulations, a significant improvement from the previous 71%.
  • Obtained accurate three-dimensional (3D) localization results for multiple PD sources.
  • Successfully validated the method through simulations and a field test with two PD sources.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed method enhances the separation and 3D localization accuracy of multi-PD sources compared to existing techniques.
  • The TD distribution feature analysis is effective for separating and locating PD sources.
  • This approach offers a more reliable solution for PD monitoring in substations.