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Related Concept Videos

Specialized Care Centers and Settings-I01:30

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Specialized care settings or centers are situated in convenient locations within the community and offer care to a specific group or population. They consist of daycare facilities, mental health facilities, rural health facilities, educational institutions, industries, shelters for the homeless, and rehabilitation facilities.
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Meiosis is a carefully orchestrated set of cell divisions, the goal of which—in humans—is to produce haploid sperm or eggs, each containing half the number of chromosomes present in somatic cells elsewhere in the body. Meiosis I is the first such division, and involves several key steps, among them: condensation of replicated chromosomes in diploid cells; the pairing of homologous chromosomes and their exchange of information; and finally, the separation of homologous chromosomes by...
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Cell division is necessary for growth and reproduction in organisms. Mitosis aids cell growth and development by dividing somatic cells. In contrast, meiosis causes the division of germ cells and plays an essential role in sexual reproduction. Due to their unique functional requirements, mitosis and meiosis differ from each other in multiple aspects.
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During meiosis, chromosomes occasionally separate improperly. This occurs due to failure of homologous chromosome separation during meiosis I or failed sister chromatid separation during meiosis II. In some species, notably plants, nondisjunction can result in an organism with an entire additional set of chromosomes, which is called polyploidy. In humans, nondisjunction can occur during male or female gametogenesis and the resulting gametes possess one too many or one too few chromosomes.
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Nondisjunction01:21

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Nondisjunction is the failure of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate correctly and move to the opposite poles of the cells. This produces daughter cells with abnormal chromosome numbers.  Nondisjunction is common during anaphase I or anaphase II of meiosis.  Mutations in synaptonemal complex proteins that attach homologous chromosomes increase the chances of nondisjunction in anaphase I of meiosis I. In contrast, mutations in topoisomerases and condensins that hold...
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Disparities in Health Supervision for Children With Down Syndrome.

Katie Williams1,2, David Wargowski1,2, Jens Eickhoff3

  • 11 American Family Children's Hospital, Madison, WI, USA.

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|February 1, 2017
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Summary

Children with Down syndrome often miss recommended health screenings. This study found low adherence for blood counts, thyroid function, audiology, and ophthalmology, highlighting gaps in care for this population.

Keywords:
Down syndromeclinical guidelineshealth disparitieshealth supervisionprimary care

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Genetics
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Children with Down syndrome require regular health supervision.
  • Evidence suggests suboptimal healthcare for this population.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess adherence to the 2001 American Academy of Pediatrics health supervision guidelines for children with Down syndrome.
  • Identify disparities in recommended healthcare services.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective chart review of 124 children with Down syndrome.
  • Analysis of adherence to specific screening guidelines (cervical spine, CBC, TSH, audiology, ophthalmology).

Main Results:

  • High adherence for cervical spine radiographs (94%).
  • Lower adherence for complete blood count (55%) and audiology (33%).
  • Moderate adherence for thyroid function (61%) and ophthalmology (43%).
  • Adherence varied by sex, insurance, and presence of known conditions.

Conclusions:

  • Significant gaps exist in recommended healthcare for children with Down syndrome.
  • Barriers to care need identification to improve screening adherence.
  • Targeted interventions are necessary to ensure comprehensive health supervision.