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Updated: Mar 8, 2026

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Transposable Element-Mediated Balancing Selection at Hsp90 Underlies Embryo Developmental Variation.

Bing Chen1, Bo Zhang1, Lingling Xu1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Rodents and Insects, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.

Molecular Biology and Evolution
|February 1, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Transposable elements (TEs) can drive evolution. In locusts, a mobile Lm1 element integrated into the Heat-shock protein 90 (Hsp90) gene provides a survival advantage to heterozygotes, promoting local adaptation.

Keywords:
Hsp90balancing selectionembryonic developmentheterozygote advantageselective sweeptransposable element

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Transposable elements (TEs) play significant roles in genome evolution and adaptation.
  • Understanding how TEs are co-opted by essential genes is crucial for evolutionary studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate a new model of TE co-option conferring local adaptation through heterozygote advantage.
  • To characterize the Lm1 transposable element family in the migratory locust (Locusta migratoria).

Main Methods:

  • Genome-wide scanning of Lm1 insertions in natural locust populations.
  • Analysis of Lm1 insertion polymorphism and allele frequency distribution.
  • Investigating the impact of Lm1 insertion on Heat-shock protein 90 (Hsp90) gene function and embryonic development.

Main Results:

  • A specific Lm1 element was found integrated into the Hsp90 coding region, present only in heterozygotes.
  • Lm1 allele frequency increased with decreasing latitudes, showing signatures of selective sweep.
  • Heterozygous embryos exhibited accelerated development and increased synchrony, particularly under long-day conditions.

Conclusions:

  • TE co-option into essential genes can drive local adaptation via heterozygote advantage.
  • The Lm1-Hsp90 interaction facilitates locust adaptation to southern tropical environments by promoting multivoltinism and developmental synchronization.
  • Balancing selection may maintain this heterozygote advantage, revealing a microevolutionary genetic mechanism.